(单词翻译:单击)
听力文本
This is Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.
When primatologists observe chimpanzees, they take note of activities like fighting, playing, touching, and grooming. And it turns out you can learn a lot about humans—we are primates, after all—by observing the same behaviors in us.
"Not grooming, but you know, who was nice to who, who complimented who, who talked to who, who flirted with who, all those kinds of things." Laura Jones, an anthropologist at Emory University and Kaiser Permanente.
The primates her team studied were surgeons, nurses, anesthesiologists and other staff at three U.S. hospitals. The researchers observed 200 surgeries, while logging behaviors like cursing and cowering, stomping or head shaking, joking and singing, complimenting or flirting.
And they found that conflict in the OR surged when male surgeons' teams were mostly male; or when female surgeons were with mostly female teams. "I would say it would be a no-brainer if we found that all females were cooperative, but that's not what we found."
Instead, the highest levels of cooperation occurred when a female surgeon had a male surgical team, and vice versa—perhaps, Jones says, because those mixed teams avoided male–male or female–female conflict.
In fact previous studies in primates--both human and non-human--have shown that competition is strongest between individuals of the same gender. The surgery findings are in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
"I would say the most practical thing to do at this point would be using this to affect training. And of course, you know, encourage both men and women, to go into all the disciplines, because right now they're heavily gendered." Perhaps by diversifying the operating room we can leave chest-beating behaviors at the door.
Thanks for listening for Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.
参考译文
这里是科学美国人——60秒科学。我是克里斯托弗·因塔利亚塔。
当灵长类动物学家观察黑猩猩时，他们注意到了黑猩猩打架、玩耍、触摸和打扮等活动。结果表明，通过观察我们与它们的相同行为，可以了解到许多有关人类的知识，因为毕竟我们人类也属于灵长类。
“我们研究的不是打扮，而是谁对谁好、谁称赞谁、谁和谁聊天以及调情等所有这些事情。”埃默里大学和凯撒医疗机构的人类学家劳拉·琼斯说到。
她的团队的研究对象是来自美国三家医院的外科医生、护士、麻醉师和其他工作人员。研究人员观察了200例外科手术，同时记录了研究对象的咒骂、胆怯、跺脚、摇头、开玩笑、唱歌、称赞或调情等行为。
他们发现，当男外科医生团队中的成员大多数为男性、女外科医生团队中的成员大多数为女性时，手术室的冲突就会激增。“如果我们发现只有女性成员的团队协作和谐，那我会说这是毫无疑问的事情，但我们发现的事实并非如此。”
相反，最高水平的合作发生在女外科医生+男外科团队的组合中，反之亦然——琼斯说，可能是因为男女混合的团队避免了同性之间的冲突。
事实上，关于灵长类——包括人类和非人类的——先前研究表明，同性个体之间的竞争最为激烈。这些外科研究结果发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》上。
“我会说，在这件事上，最实际的做法是利用研究结果影响教育。当然，就是鼓励男性和女性参与所有学科，因为现在他们被严重性别化。”也许通过使手术室人员性别多样化，我们可以摆脱性别优越感。
谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是克里斯托弗·因塔利亚塔。
译文为可可英语翻译，未经授权请勿转载！
重点讲解
重点讲解：
1. take note of 留心；注意；
If you were to write an essay on economics, you may first take note of assets.
如果要写篇经济学文章，你可能最先关注资产。
2. after all 毕竟；终究；
Perhaps I had misjudged him, and he was not so predictable after all.
也许我看错了他，毕竟他不是可以让人一眼看透的人。
3. no-brainer 非常容易的问题；容易作出的决定；
If it's illegal for someone under 21 to drive, it should be illegal for them to drink and drive. That's a no-brainer.
如果不满21岁开车是违法的，那他们酒后驾车也应是违法的，这非常容易理解。
4. vice versa 反之亦然；反过来也一样；
You can cruise from Cairo to Aswan or vice versa.
你可以乘船从开罗游览到阿斯旺，也可以从阿斯旺游览到开罗。
