听力文本

This is Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.
If you've ever gone snorkeling or scuba diving—you know how peaceful it sounds under there... (reef sounds)... aside from the crackling sound of snapping shrimp.
Compare that to a reef with boat traffic. (noisy reef) Not quite as calming. And it gets on undersea creatures' nerves too: stressing out spiny lobsters, slowing the development of sea slugs.
And now scientists have found one more side-effect of noise: impaired learning abilities, for fish. The study is in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B.
Researchers started by teaching juvenile damselfish in the laboratory about the predators they'd encounter, once they settled on an Australian reef. The training consisted of injecting the damselfishes' tanks with seawater fouled with both the scent of a predator, and alarm cues from injured damselfish. A message that, hey, this predator smell? It means dead friends. Maybe dead you.
To reinforce that lesson, they also lowered ziploc bags with the predators themselves into the damselfish's tanks, together with the scents, to teach them: these guys are your enemies.

They conducted all this training to a soundtrack of peaceful reef sounds (quiet reef) or with the added distraction of buzzing boat engines. (loud reef). And they found that fish that trained with normal reef sounds were suitably spooked by the scent of a predator, later on. But fish exposed to boat noise? Totally unphased.
"It appeared that the presence of boat noise was interfering with the learning process. So when later on we said 'hey, here's a predator, are you scared?' they didn't respond."
Maud Ferrari, a behavioral ecologist at the University of Saskatchewan. She says same thing held true in the real world, too, once they released the fish. Three days later, two thirds of the quiet-trained fish were still alive. Compared to only 20 percent of the fish trained with the boat noise backdrop...the same severe mortality rate suffered by fish with no training at all.
The silver lining, Ferrari says, is boat noise is a stressor that local legislators can actually regulate. "You want to change the environment, slow down the warming, the acidification, but it's really out of our hands, you know what I mean? The results we found with noise pollution, what is nice is it's one of those stressors we can actually control."
So that young fish can learn their lessons. Alone or in schools.
Thanks for listening for Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.

参考译文

这里是科学美国人——60秒科学HXdn#dn^hEE=1GgB)!。我是克里斯托弗·因塔利亚塔u0.4v(5smVC1jfeH.s^%。
如果你曾经浮潜过或玩过水肺潜水，那你就应该知道水下有多么平静……（珊瑚礁的声音）除了手枪虾发出的“噼啪声”qpFq^V@VC~6MZ0;N。
将这个声音和船只往来水域珊瑚礁附近的声音进行对比q)[@)0,5R,w。（嘈杂的珊瑚礁）那里可不太平静#=#9Ba-c_QPSVix。而这也会使海底生物感到不安：这令龙虾紧张，还会延缓海参的生长f2.F[)o~.n%Rlha6c+e。
现在科学家们发现了噪音的另外一个副作用：削弱鱼的学习能力49~=YwOAO2m%4mp+。这项研究发表在《英国皇家学会学报：B辑》上OUc]F#dW+i)。
研究人员选定澳大利亚一处珊瑚礁后，就开始在实验室里教小雀鲷关于它们会遇到的捕食者的知识wD)Fk^kQzUlB;6Ejuyw。训练内容包括向雀鲷水箱注入海水，同时释放捕食者的气味和受伤雀鲷发出的警报信号0I[Pr4rkmh7SV|d=@xMh。其传递出的信息是：嘿，这是捕食者，闻到了吗？这意味着同伴死去了*T7_eqnMWmW。或许死去的是你crLgT&C]+bM)。
为了加强教学效果，研究人员还把装有捕食者的密封袋放进雀鲷的水箱中，联合水箱中捕食者的气味来教导雀鲷：这些家伙是你们的敌人HSW0[^;J])Yhc。
研究人员在训练进行过程中会播放宁静的珊瑚礁声音（安静的珊瑚礁），或是增加船舶引擎噪音的干扰（吵闹的珊瑚礁）-z4eMvZ@5Ll=E。他们发现，在正常珊瑚礁声音中训练的鱼，之后会被捕食者的气味吓到IuV63yf+jcCb3g。那暴露在船舶噪音中的鱼儿呢？它们完全不会受到惊吓fHnOLCg|i,2%j。
“看起来船舶噪音的存在干扰了学习过程oQFTrLWZ~P.+9b=pFa*@。所以后来我们制造出‘嘿，这是捕食者，你们害怕吗？’的信号时，这些鱼儿没有反应zl-vD+xnduM#[lbB,[。
萨斯喀彻温大学的行为生态学家莫德·费拉里说道O[aX264Gf[p-。她说，研究人员将这些鱼放回大海之后，它们在现实世界的反应与实验中是一样的K)V4#0r|D+~tf。三天后，在安静的环境中接受训练的鱼中，有三分之二还活着%d@3@ScFTiIgyzFtZ7i。在船舶噪音背景中接受训练的鱼只有20%活了下来，这与完全没有接受过训练的鱼的死亡率同样严重02JA,4uYxJQiXz。
费拉里说，万幸的是，船舶噪音是当地立法者可以切实管控的压力源F8x2!QK,6.Dy。“你想改变环境，减缓气候变暖和酸化，但我们对此真的无能为力，你明白我的意思吗？就噪音污染我们所发现的研究结果来说，可喜的一点是其中一项压力源是我们可以控制的JQfTSZaQ#Evg53z!BT。”
这样一来小鱼就可以获取经验J8prY)p#(@hNs。无论是自学还是集体学习#2GJcdtQIJVL.C4T~M~。
谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学-E-jo#3Fxu。我是克里斯托弗·因塔利亚塔hw[~J40fMT]dT。

译文为可可英语翻译，未经授权请勿转载！

重点讲解

重点讲解：
1. aside from 除了…外（别无）；
Aside from a few scratches, I'm OK.
除了几处擦伤外，我安然无恙gsa#0fXNa|_+.x。
2. settle on 选择；选定；
They could not settle on where to spend the holiday.
他们还决定不了到哪儿去度假t!I~RppUzFm0w。
3. interfere with 妨碍；冲突；抵触；
Don't let your work and your personal life interfere with each other.
不要让自己的工作和私人生活相互影响@~Qa[zj7c*g0Za。
4. hold true 同样适用；在…情况下亦然；
This conclusion, however, did not hold true in Latin America, South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.
然而，这一结论对拉美、南亚和撒哈拉以南的非洲来说不成立cBC+1jLpIlY。