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This is Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.
Health care isn't just a benefit of the modern human age. It goes way back. All the way, even, to the Neandertals.
"We imagine they would have been cleaning wounds, dressing wounds." Penny Spikins, a paleolithic archaeologist at the University of York in the U.K. "They may have used things like splints when you've got broken limbs. We know they had some forms of painkillers."
And they most likely needed them. Because remains of Neandertals show that most individuals seem to have suffered a serious injury at least once. The key detail being that those injuries didn't always kill them.
Spikins and her team catalogued more than 30 cases of Neandertals who'd been injured but didn't die of their wounds, to investigate the pattern of health care in premodern humans. And they concluded that health care may have been key to their colonizing extreme environments, and pursuing dangerous prey, like mammoths and woolly rhinos.

"Health care wasn't just something cultural for Neandertals. It also performed an ecological function. It allowed them to punch above their weight as a predator."
Their conclusions are in the journal Quaternary Science Reviews.
And the results are one more reminder that Neandertals shared many of the qualities we think of as human. Except, of course, that they never made it out of the Pleistocene.
Thanks for listening for Scientific American — 60-Second Science Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.

参考译文

这里是科学美国人——60秒科学jXu8~|JHrK。我是克里斯托弗·因塔利亚塔;j.4p1NRTnaNIW@rz。
医疗保健并非仅是现代人类时代的福利4Aa!^hH@!60sY8LYa]Y。其历史相当久远Jx2T2Jv%]^V-m&W95k。甚至可以追溯至尼安德特人时代^p1e58Z#iRH|g=,[;Hm。
“我们猜想他们会清洗伤口和包扎伤口z8Dutp7BtqsfQstUz0。”英国约克大学的旧石器时代考古学家佩妮·斯皮金斯说到R~2O|;M&-a0WJgf。“当四肢骨折时，他们可能会用类似夹板的东西来固定KE12(ru4,WwSbFc#mexi。我们知道他们有止痛药之类的东西.67af@Tv,O=。”
他们最有可能需要的就是止痛药P;r|rv=5!Ogn~.J。因为尼安德特人的遗骸显示，大多数人似乎至少受过一次重伤x@8x(eH4;hz=^uyAs~xU。关键细节是，这些伤并不总是会造成死亡sY+|-gX-~Ts。
斯皮金斯及其团队对30多个受伤但未死于伤口的尼安德特人病例进行了分类，以调查前现代人类的医疗保健模式~Zx-mA]E[*qlm~N3。他们得出的结论是，医疗保健可能是他们征服极端环境的关键，也可能是他们追逐猛犸象和披毛犀等危险猎物的关键oeH48D,oh_5。
“医疗保健不仅是尼安德特人的某种文化lNR11MnBD!rr8MN(gQ4。它还发挥着生态功能%KI]5GflzkcU*#U。同时能让尼安德特人在捕食时超水平发挥v,p)~Rg*j%WAAZ=lpDc。”
他们的研究结果发表在《第四纪科学评论》期刊上1sPzN!aAL^o|#N。
研究结果再次提示我们，尼安德特人具有我们认为人类独有的多种特质Jl3xE&0=n)[IfuVJu5e。当然，不同之处是他们未活过更新世R|-8HZwDJ1p9lsG~fQ。
谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学CFM1V|Vkr~zbxv7F_。我是克里斯托弗·因塔利亚塔]ww]WEc52+jROVdhW(d。

译文为可可英语翻译，未经授权请勿转载！

重点讲解

重点讲解：
1. go back 追溯到；回溯到；
Our association with him goes back four years.
我们同他的合作是从4年前开始的9FeHRL+Y7^K,i|。
2. die of 死于；
Millions could die of hunger as an indirect result of the war.
作为战争的间接后果，数百万人可能会死于饥饿-B3,C=iaK-n!Rb=6kBk。
3. allow sb. to do sth. 允许；容许；准许；
The Government will allow them to advertise on radio and television.
政府将准许他们在广播和电视上做广告9^V&_Hx]Zu~T^#SoZ]。
4. think of sb./sth. as 认为，以为(人或物具有某特点或用途) ；
We all thought of him as a father.
我们都视他为父亲p^V8C*4I8E@)MO。