(单词翻译:单击)
中英文本
Mice
老鼠
Country bumpkins and city slickers
乡巴佬与城市人
Where a rodent lives may determine how clever it is
啮齿类动物生活的地方能够决定它们有多聪明
Aesop's fable about the town mouse and the country mouse concentrates on the dangers of city living and rather sneers at its advantages. Yet advantages there are, for mice and men alike, as long as those involved are able to grasp them. That, though, requires an ability to respond successfully to novel problems. So a pair of researchers in Germany have looked to see whether urban mice are better at doing this than rural ones. Their conclusion, just published in Animal Behaviour, is that they are.
这则关于城市老鼠和乡下老鼠的伊索寓言强调的是城市生活的危险，而对它的好处却嗤之以鼻。然而，居住在城市无论对老鼠还是对人都是有好处的，只要居住者能够掌握它们。不过，这需要成功应对新问题的能力。对此，德国的两位研究人员研究了城市老鼠是否比农村老鼠更擅长应对新问题。他们刚刚在《动物行为》上发表的结论是：确实如此。
Valeria Mazza of the University of Potsdam and Anja Guenther of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, in Plon, captured 17 striped field mice from farmland and 14 others from various places in central Berlin. They kept these animals in a laboratory for a year, to acclimatise them, and then challenged them with various tasks which, if performed successfully, would yield a reward of food. Tasks included opening the window panes of a house made of Lego bricks; opening the lid of a Petri dish; and yanking out a wad of paper jammed inside a clear plastic tube. As a control, all the mice were also given a naturalistic task that involved digging through a heap of bedding to find a reward.
波茨坦大学的瓦莱里娅·马扎和普伦马克斯·普朗克进化生物学研究所的安雅·冈瑟从农田里抓了17只斑纹田鼠，同时从柏林市中心的不同地方也抓了14只斑纹田鼠。他们将这些动物在实验室里饲养了一年，让它们适应环境，然后让它们完成各种任务，如果成功完成，它们将获得食物奖励。任务包括：打开乐高积木房子的窗玻璃，打开皮氏培养皿的盖子，拽出一团塞在透明塑料管里的纸。作为对照，所有的老鼠还被分配了一项自然任务，在一堆被褥里翻找奖励。
Both groups seemed equally eager to participate in the tasks, but the urban mice were better at solving the novel ones. They had a 77% success rate, to the rural mice's 52%. When it came to the control task, though, both were equally good, solving it 85% and 88% ofthe time respectively.
两组老鼠似乎都渴望参与任务，但城市老鼠更擅长解决新奇的问题。它们的成功率是77%，而乡下老鼠的成功率是52%。然而，在控制型任务中双方的表现一样好，分别解决了85%和88%的问题。
The researchers' next object of investigation is whether the urban mice had learned their smarts prior to their incarceration, or had inherited them, suggesting they were the product of natural selection acting on their city dwelling ancestors. This will involve raising mouse pups from the two populations in identical laboratory conditions. Dr Mazza and Dr Guenther hope to have the answer later this year.
研究人员的下一个研究课题是：城市老鼠的聪明是在被监禁前学会的还是说它们天生丽质？这个问题能够表明它们是自然选择作用于其在城市居住的祖先的产物。这需要在相同的实验室条件下饲养这两个种群的幼鼠。马扎博士和冈瑟博士希望今年晚些时候能够找到答案。
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词语解释
1.acclimatise 适应
This year he has left for St Louis early to acclimatise himself.
今年他早早地前往圣路易斯以便适应新环境。
2.prior to 在……之前，先于
This route would have enabled humans to enter southern areas of the Americas prior to the melting of the continental glaciers.
这条路线将使人类能够在大陆冰川融化之前进入美洲南部地区。
3.incarceration 监禁
The rate of incarceration is a fifth of America's level in Britain, a ninth in Germany and a twelfth in Japan.
英国监禁率是美国的五分之一，德国的是美国的九分之一，而日本的是美国的十二分之一。
4.identical 完全相同的
Their views on this problem are identical.
大家对于这个问题的看法是一致的。
