听力文本

This is Scientific American’s 60-Second Science. I’m Shahla Farzan.

这里是科学美国人——60秒科学系列，我是沙拉·法尔赞TdRkZ-4Z%IOxXi。

Every honeybee colony has its own unique scent like a fingerprint.

每个蜂群都有自己独特的气味，就像指纹是每个人独有的一样X;LV4W,Bbb.x;TTwt*。

And bees use that scent to recognize their nest mates—basically saying, “You smell like me, so I’m going to let you into the colony.”

蜜蜂用这种气味来识别它们的巢友--基本上是在说，“你闻起来像我，所以我要让你进入蜂巢ON,Rs@g|f+。”

But here’s the mystery: If you transfer a baby bee into a new hive, not only does the colony accept it, but that bee will eventually smell like its adopted nest mates—even though they’re not genetically related.

但这里有一个谜团：如果你把一只幼蜂转移到一个新的蜂巢，不仅蜂群会接受它，而且这只幼蜂最终会闻起来像接受它的巢友的味道--即使它们没有基因上的关联-QcGsgirSuD。

“This kind of got us thinking, ‘Perhaps it’s not actually the genetics of the bee; it’s actually the genetics of microbes that live within the bee.’”

“这让我们想到，‘也许这实际上不是蜜蜂的基因，而是蜜蜂体内的微生物的基因在起作用!ArB*Vo]p][;jSdg(。’”

Cassondra Vernier is a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Illinois.

卡森德拉·维尼尔是伊利诺伊大学博士后研究员u#YHq7XJyv。

She knew gut microbes could affect the scent and communication of other animals, like hyenas.

她知道肠道微生物会影响其他动物的气味和交流活动，比如鬣狗_4Vtvcg7A9ws,tLRH@GO。

So she and her co-authors designed a series of experiments to test whether microbes also change the scent compounds coating the outside of honeybees, known as cuticular hydrocarbons.

因此，她和她的合著者设计了一系列实验，以测试微生物是否也会改变覆盖在蜜蜂外部的气味混合物，即所谓的表皮碳氢化合物psUPzye(#8~。

In one experiment, they fed different gut microbes to newly hatched sister bees.

在一项实验中，他们给刚孵化出的蜜蜂妹妹喂食了不同的肠道微生物#0i=qovyUYx5p5L9Lgk。

The bees developed distinct microbiomes—and they also produced different cuticular hydrocarbon scents.

蜜蜂产生了不同的微生物群--它们也产生了不同的表皮碳氢化合物气味J=G.tU*d@O1LYjH5H+D。

But On the other hand ...

但另一方面...

“If they were treated with different inoculums, they recognized each other as non-nest mates.

如果它们接种不同的培养液，那么它们会将彼此识别为非巢友R]n;=)6H6qxP。

And they attacked each other, usually in the form of biting each other.”

它们会互相攻击，通常是以撕咬对方的形式进行+OOOB!x7@.%2。”

In other words, bees from the same colony did not recognize each other when they had different gut microbes.

换句话说，当来自同一个蜂群的蜜蜂拥有不同的肠道微生物时，它们会无法识别彼此)Jzt@8k65g-0X1z。

Washington University biology professor and co-author Yehuda Ben-Shahar says the microbes are changing the bees physiologically and controlling their complicated social behaviors.

华盛顿大学生物学教授兼合著者耶胡达·本·沙哈尔表示，这些微生物正在从生理上改变蜜蜂，并控制它们复杂的社会行为PV5jpTV87@)。

But he adds this relationship is mutually beneficial for the bacteria and the bees.

但他补充说，这种关系对菌群和蜜蜂都是有利的M[NCz3^ha6。

“The bees have to have some of these bacteria, so you have a system where this relationship serves the biology of both the bacteria and the host. ”

“蜜蜂必须拥有一些这样的菌群，所以就会有一个系统，在这个系统中，这种关系既服务于菌群的生物学，也服务于宿主的生物学elhn,iX0(yd9Y。”

Being able to distinguish nest mates from invaders is absolutely critical, Ben-Shahar says.

本-沙哈尔说，能够从入侵者中区分出巢友是绝对关键的%^+MU1eLNQ2QCi~HG-@。

Without that ability, bees would be vulnerable to nest parasites—and to other bees looking to steal their most precious commodity: honey.

如果丧失这种能力，那么蜜蜂会很容易受到巢中寄生生物的攻击--以及其他试图窃取它们最宝贵的物品蜂蜜的蜜蜂的攻击i~|=)%u4+9[X+#pO#E。

And so the entrance fee must be paid—not in dollars but in scents.

因此，入场费必须用气味支付--而非美元xbh4NA#a|Y_U。

For Scientific American’s 60-Second Science, I’m Shahla Farzan.

谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学TQ_JBmMuvD8pmw+7[aE3。我是沙拉·法尔赞HP!rZX6Sx3s5-。

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