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This is Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Annie Sneed.
Polar bears and coral reefs are obvious victims of climate change. But a warming world will also challenge many other animals. For example, cod. The fish play a critical role in marine ecosystems and human economies. Climate change could devastate Atlantic and polar cod.
A team of scientists wanted to find out how rising sea temperatures and ocean acidification might affect these fish populations.
"We went out with our research vessel into the Barents Sea, and caught Atlantic cod and polar cod, and brought them back alive into a research facility in Northern Norway." Flemming Dahlke, a marine biologist at the Alfred Wegener Institute in Germany.
"And in this facility, we raised the eggs and larvae under different temperature and ocean acidification, mimicking the conditions expected for the next decades to come."
The researchers placed the eggs and larvae in various carbon dioxide concentrations, as well as three different temperature scenarios: one, the "business as usual" scenario, where humans continue to emit greenhouse gases as current rates and ocean waters increase 3 to 4 degrees Celsius. They also tested an intermediate scenario of a 2-degree Celsius rise, and a "best-case" scenario, where water temperatures rise only 1 degree. They then recorded egg survival rates and larval development.

"The results were pretty clear. We found that with ocean acidification, the eggs become more sensitive to temperature extremes. So this means that their thermal tolerance range narrows. And that we found for both species. And we also found that they use more energy to regulate against the stress of temperature and ocean acidification."
The study is in the journal Science Advances.
"And when we used these data and combined them with the climate projections, we find that with the worst-case scenario there will be a decrease in egg survival chances of about 50 percent in many of the important spawning areas of those species."
Although these populations might be able to adapt by shifting their spawning grounds northward.
"The question is if the species will find also suitable feeding conditions in those alternative spawning areas. So it could be that the temperature is right, but they won't find enough food up in the north."
Big changes in cod populations will likely have ripple effects: cod are food for many other animals, like birds and seals. And countries like Norway depend on the income that cod fisheries haul in. But the new research also offers a bit of good news.
"On the positive side, we find that in the scenario where we successfully limit global warming to 1.5 degrees, both species would be able to successfully reproduce in those areas where they spawn currently."
Thanks for listening for Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Annie Sneed.

参考译文

这里是科学美国人——60秒科学Vgkim@1q1N。我是安妮·斯尼德n.)*Oc~ZG(UXph^P3。
北极熊和珊瑚礁显然是气候变化的受害者RGq!hZl)TZly[0Y-IEV。但日益变暖的世界还将给许多其它动物带来挑战X=[ss-Mkd7,3eD~O%[jf。比如鳕鱼KI-l-2WM8Nq3bdhvz~。鳕鱼在海洋生态系统和人类经济中发挥着至关重要的作用KTCMY77BFvfr0;。气候变化可能会摧毁大西洋鳕鱼和极地鳕鱼M_=)wguupUI6RDyAdehu。
一个科学家小组想查明海水温度上升和海洋酸化会对这些鱼类种群造成何种数量!lWh&[BM1)=。
“我们乘坐考察船进入巴伦支海，捕获大西洋鳕鱼和极地鳕鱼后将活体带回，放进挪威北部的一个研究设施中;[pa7C)SZi。”德国阿尔弗雷德·韦格纳研究所的海洋生物学家弗莱明·达尔科说到1*F4Afx)sjs]At=R。
“在这一设施中，我们在不同的温度和海洋酸度下饲养鱼卵和鱼苗，模拟我们预测的未来几十年的环境DM)~SxSmB+U~p。”
研究人员将鱼卵和鱼苗置于不同的二氧化碳浓度以及三种不同的温度环境下：第一种是“一切照旧”情景，即人类继续以目前的速度排放温室气体，海水温度增长3至4摄氏度(@jWZ|%&whR8。他们还测试了海水温度上升2摄氏度的“中级情境”以及海水温度只上升1摄氏度的“最佳情境”uT.Rj4&#Ph6Dq9UkS。随后，他们记录了鱼卵的存活率和鱼苗的发育情况tHQ+CI4o2T!4RY(。
“结果非常清楚yP|XZLs[pS_paX。我们发现，随着海洋酸化，鱼卵变得对极端温度更加敏感xIuvVNdT_u。这意味着它们的热耐受性范围变窄了n;M!zkC4x0()j;Hr(。我们发现这两个两种鳕鱼都是如此,7plAD._tdF,g%9H*7o(。我们还发现，它们会使用更多能量来调节温度和海洋酸化带来的压力PRp98n#,+amA6。”
这项研究发表在《科学进展》期刊上kViMyv(*&ZH@s^。
“当我们使用这些数据并将其与气候预测结合时，我们发现，在最差的情境下，这些鱼类在许多重要产卵区的鱼卵存活率将下降50%左右m,5w)-*B9W*c&m6h7O。”
尽管这些鱼群可以通过将产卵地向北迁移来适应这一变化lCQWqR*bW2Ln[[tRPAd。
“问题是，鳕鱼在那些替代产卵地是否也能找到合适的喂养条件-.0h2kt*%NPpI5E^BIz。因此可能出现的情况是：虽然北方的温度合适，但它们却找不到足够的食物ET+y,k!1+[Uhp[。”
鳕鱼种群的巨大变化可能会产生连锁反应：鳕鱼是许多其它动物的食物，比如鸟类和海豹7!^Bd;,Nzl|AK_。而且挪威等国家依赖捕捞鳕鱼带来的收入2HoYM%Mh5_b(ZLbv8r。但这项新研究也带来了一些好消息06%I&*D-_Dh0p6q^wrA,。
“从积极方面来看，我们发现在成功将全球变暖控制在1.5摄氏度的情境中，两种鳕鱼都能在目前的产卵地成功繁殖56wh8)Y~L@E]。”
谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学,fCZNq*bApU7。我是安妮·斯尼德2|AZfyQ9b-1Eh_yc。

译文为可可英语翻译，未经授权请勿转载！

重点讲解

重点讲解：
1. find out (尤指特意通过努力)发现，找出，查明；
An investigation is underway to find out how the disaster happened.
调查已经展开，以查明灾难是如何发生的5yos*U(G%BsEeL。
2. go out 外出；
It will be a marvellous occasion and they should go out and enjoy it.
这是个好时机，他们应该出去痛快地玩一玩d+WG3KYF5bpiDwd49R@。
3. business as usual 一切如常；处之泰然；
The Queen was determined to show it was business as usual.
女王决定表现出一切正常的样子iJ9h*34wATa_#]G;a9。
4. depend on 依靠；依赖；
Many farmers have to depend on subsidies to make a living wage.
许多农民的基本生活工资要靠补贴来维持XacukgCu.o]_#。