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This is Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.
Climate change may be partly to blame for the massive die-off of pine trees in the western U.S. But it works the other way, too: forest die-offs can alter the global climate.
"I like thinking of this as a parallel to something like El Nino." Abigail Swann, an ecological climatologist at the University of Washington. "We think these are also going to have climate impacts far away from where those forests are dying. So it's going to ricochet in other places around the globe."
To model those "ricochet" effects, Swann and her colleagues used climate simulations to wipe out forests and replace them with grasslands, in the western U.S., the Amazon, or both. They found that losing forests in one part of the globe does indeed affect climate very far away. "And that could be negative in a lot of places, it could be bad for the ecosystems in another places, but you could come up with scenarios where it makes the conditions a little bit better."

For example, killing off trees in western North America leads to cooler temps globally. That outcome means lower productivity in Siberian forests—a negative. It also dries up forests in the Carolinas—another negative. But conditions will get wetter in eastern South America—a positive for the forests there. The results are in the journal PLoS ONE.
One surprise, though, was that when researchers erased forests in both the Amazon and the western U.S.—it had an unpredictable, synergistic effect on global climate. "If we were to think about forest management around the globe, it really suggests we should manage in a coordinated manner rather than independent entities. Because the climate response to these changes in forest cover is going to be a function of all of them happening at the same time."
We do do that to some extent—like managing tropical deforestation through the U.N. But this study suggests we need to keep it up, and do even better, if we want to see the global forest for the trees.
Thanks for listening for Scientific American — 60-Second Science Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.

参考译文

这里是科学美国人——60秒科学a#-+XPYlV2DC,X。我是克里斯托弗·因塔利亚塔0j4Wy!TosogFq_O&NfW。
美国西部松树大规模死亡，部分原因可能要归咎于气候变化V-Mh8i-UMATXz5n%ZE。但是，反过来也说的通：森林灭绝可以改变全球气候5fgYMFaFl|O5[a8a#。
“我喜欢将这看作是类似厄尔尼诺的现象CFJ=Qd%u.ol。”阿比盖尔·斯万是华盛顿大学的生态气候学家waxyBQtDFk。“我们认为这也会对远离森林死绝的地方产生影响+nu]zU;HIsi。所以，也会在全球其他地区产生反弹KT4[=h^aoGh4jZ9yOf。”
为了模拟“反弹”效应，斯万和她的同事在美国西部和亚马逊地区，利用气候模拟森林被毁灭然后用草原取而代之的情况s8SKmIm~YIo2;dZ4。他们发现，全球部分地区的森林消失确实会对气候变化产生深远影响sy;kp]4+;nYf=us5jW1j。“同时，这会对很多地区造成负面影响，森林消失会影响生态系统，但是你可以提出解决方案使情况变得好一些x53Lofr74%。”
比如，北美西部地区的树木死亡会导致全球温度变冷_(pjCOMna^J(a。这个后果意味着西伯利亚森林的生产率会降低，这是其中一个负面影响1Wm+x#5Uooi)B。这还会使卡罗莱纳州的森林枯竭，这是另外一个负面影响p#+Ran!F#@#TvP1xGb03。但是，南美州东部地区的气候会变得更加湿润，这是积极影响r|ZIY*Vh5;#H。该研究结果发表在《公共科学图书馆·综合》期刊上^VR2Yj1LA_HF。
但是令人惊奇的是，当研究人将亚马逊地区和美国西部地区的森林都清除以后，对全球气候造成了不可预测的协同效应K9j74BGgT1j;WBxkw6~。“这表明，如果我们从全球范围考虑森林管理，我们应该以协调方式进行管理，而不是将其视为独立实体Sn(-vBbm6J#D]F[i1iJ。因为气候对于森林植被变化所产生的反应就像是同时发生的作用+P(&5,4ji)M。”
我们也在某种程度上这样做过，例如，通过联合国管理热带森林砍伐|1fJUdV]GKuwV。但是，该研究表明，如果我们想看到长满树木的全球森林，那我们就要坚持下去，而且要做得更好z@F072OlsH。
谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学.MnCMaBp+[dV@D*=)P。我是克里斯托弗·因塔利亚塔7Wi[v%jZUwz45)hba。

译文为可可英语翻译，未经授权请勿转载！

重点讲解

重点讲解：
1. wipe out 摧毁；毁灭；使灭绝；
例句：Wild pacific salmon are being wiped out.
野生太平洋大马哈鱼就要绝种了YkVovYWR!Kl]D*_。
2. come up with 想出，提出(计划、想法等)；
例句：The programmer come up with a solution to the system problem.
程序员想出了一个解决系统问题的办法VJ#eYB*e+k。
3. kill off 全部杀死；灭绝；
例句：Their natural predators have been killed off.
它们的天敌被全部杀死aO,;L(YxMPT%Z(wU。
4. dry up (使)枯萎；(使)干透；
例句：The small brook nearly dried up.
这条小河沟几乎干涸了yV&ym~ai#~IA。
5. keep up 继续做（或提供）；
例句：You can't keep up the pretense any longer.
你无法继续伪装下去了|iz2tIv-%,u0!)X7。