啄木鸟为争夺领土开战
日期:2021-10-15 14:43

(单词翻译:单击)

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听力文本

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This is Scientific American's 60-second Science, I'm Annie Sneed.

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这里是科学美国人——60秒科学系列,我是安妮·斯尼德Dti1-@=!VSsl70wc

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What you’re hearing is war—among woodpeckers, a species called acorn woodpeckers. The birds fight long, bloody battles over access to trees, where these woodpeckers nest and store their food: you guessed it, acorns.

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你听到的是啄木鸟间的战争,一种叫做橡实啄木鸟的物种TmGmeBDAd^,X|J。这些啄木鸟为争夺树上的位置而进行了漫长而血腥的战斗,啄木鸟在树上筑巢和储存食物:你猜对了,是橡子p@ijKd2l&tH_

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“They build these giant acorn granaries, and these are basically acorn-storage structures, where they store thousands of acorns every fall.”

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“他们建造了这些巨大的橡子谷仓,这些基本上是橡子储存结构,每年秋天他们在那里储存数千个橡子+5+Nqz[F]t=5e+@。”

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Sahas Barve, with the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History.

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萨哈斯·巴夫是史密森尼国家自然历史博物馆的研究员D1AliU&wW8i

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“In bark and in dead parts of trees, they make individual holes in which they store one acorn at a time. And some granaries may have tens of thousands of holes.”

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它们在树皮和枯枝上挖洞,每次只在一个洞里储存一颗橡子OaJIfDcF+3。有些粮仓可能有成千上万个洞%v|)K[RVtS。”

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When woodpeckers that hold high-quality territory die, others come to claim it for themselves. That’s when the fighting begins.

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当拥有优质领地的啄木鸟死去时,其他啄木鸟就会占领它P]*BnJIGPdR。那就是战斗开始的时候V&S*sL[twlpl

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“It’s a lot of energy that they put in, and that sort of tells you how valuable the granaries are for them. They put in a lot of effort in the short term for this big long-term prize.”

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“他们投入了大量的精力,这多少说明了粮仓对他们来说有多高的价值f+IIMUeDHP!8enWr=]4。他们在短期内付出了很多努力,以获得这个巨大的长期奖励K]0c!CJ4@%);YxGq9U。”

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Barve and his colleagues tracked acorn woodpeckers during these power struggles. The researchers observed up to 12 groups of birds sparring for a single territory, typically with three or four birds per clan. Individual birds may fight more than 10 hours a day for several days.

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巴维和他的同事们追踪处于权力斗争中的橡实啄木鸟QpLXE)A^%s(L_~V6He。研究人员观察到多达12组鸟类为争夺一块领地而争斗,通常每个部落有3或4只鸟L|zB+e(AF;apNA[r。在持续几天内,每只鸟每天可能战斗超过10个小时Z@~JaPb4v*9_2XE,c=]q

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“We didn’t know that bird conflicts could last that long; it’s really amazing. You can imagine the oak savanna of California—big oak trees.

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“我们不知道鸟类争斗会持续那么长时间; 真的很神奇s^!Cav+2X(~FOqPjCS。你可以想象加利福尼亚的橡树稀树草原——大橡树p!HrE2pR|h;~J#I3

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And you can just hear birds calling, because they give these very distinct ‘wacka wacka’ calls when they are fighting each other.

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你可以听到鸟儿的叫声,因为当它们互相争斗的时候,会发出非常独特的“哇卡 哇卡”叫声+==R#Wcx3@RFAl%i#bX^

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You can hear it from far away, because there are so many birds calling, and when you go closer, you see birds flying around pretty chaotically.

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你从很远的地方就能听到,因为有很多鸟在叫,当你走近时,你会看到鸟儿在乱飞u@SrJhb8j62f1S

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There are birds posturing, so most coalitions will group together, every now and then, and spread out their wings on a very prominent branch of the tree and show, basically, who they are and that they are together.

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鸟类会摆出姿态,所以大多数联盟会时不时地聚集在一起,在非常突出的树枝上展开翅膀,基本上是为了表明它们是谁以及它们在一起W^wZN5k5q5m0g.=RuXpW

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But these conflicts are often very violent, so you will see birds with big injuries. So you’ll see bloodied feathers.

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但是这些冲突通常非常激烈,所以你会看到鸟类受到严重的伤害H*u~_v=_5-P)r。所以你会看到血迹斑斑的羽毛CvPGWU#^[#~IdE

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You can see eyes gouged out, birds with some injuries that are obviously fatal. We’ve seen birds with broken wings.

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你可以看到它们的眼睛被挖出来,一些受伤的鸟显然有性命之忧[~vXabQG8JK3eAuJ+Ze。我们曾经见过折断翅膀的鸟C(jnZ45nhIb8pH

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And also birds fall to the ground fighting each other. Like I often say, these birds have spears for mouths, so they can do a lot of damage to each other.”

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也有鸟落在地上互相争斗ASB|~1H@f;cZ]_+ru@L。就像我经常说的,这些鸟的嘴都是长矛,所以它们会对彼此造成很大的伤害IOX&&m,-LFZ2dg,-h。”

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Other woodpeckers flew in from up to three kilometers away just to watch the fighting—and to glean social information.

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其他的啄木鸟从三公里外飞来,只是为了观看战斗,并收集社会信息WxD)cv@7Wd(o^x+

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The study is in the journal Current Biology.

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这项研究发表在《当代生物学》杂志上jZ^hTxWzz[Qx%(+H

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The scientists say these battles reveal a lot about animal social behavior.

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科学家们说,这些争斗揭示了很多动物的社会行为xxx@fEFst#e~

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“We often think of birds as not very intelligent animals, but we are discovering, very quickly, that we are not the only busybody, nosy, supercurious social animal out there.

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“我们经常认为鸟类不是非常聪明的动物,但我们很快发现,我们并不是唯一爱管闲事、好管闲事、超级好奇的群居动物X.CJhc|+Lv%i#O7Wc

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And birds are doing that all the time. Social complexity is something that’s evolved multiple times in the animal kingdom, and we are just one of them.”

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鸟类一直都在这样做aJZ_Zjy8Nimt=。社会复杂性在动物王国里已经进化了很多次,而我们只是其中之一tyJKLFEc]o。”

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Thanks for listening for Scientific American's 60-second Science. I'm Annie Sneed.

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谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学U+Bw6@HPIAu@(B。我是安妮·斯尼德7YY3Y9AnT2#deU

文章为可可英语翻译,未经授权请勿转载!

重点讲解

重点讲解:

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1.access 机会,权利

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Students must have access to good resources.

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学生必须有机会使用好的资源Juv1!B#o7rYA0N_

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2.granary 谷仓;粮仓

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A new granary was built in the village.

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一个新谷仓在乡村建造起来TQjVvrcS2dBescR

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3.struggle 斗争

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He is engaged in a bitter struggle with his rival to get control of the company.

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为取得对公司的控制权,他正同对手进行一场激烈的斗争G3_nEVMK3q1b+_QNJ)p

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4.conflict 冲突;战斗

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No sane person wishes to see conflict or casualties.

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理智的人都不希望看到冲突或伤亡hBNiP6x,h5)X8!2LDNbF

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5.fatal 致命的

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If she gets ill again it could prove fatal.

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如果她再患病,就会有性命之忧cR(6nCOd!JujdN)i1*A6

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