27. Have regular dinner-table discussions about people the family knows and how they got where they are.

【分析】多重复合句。主句主干为Have discussions。介词短语about…作discussions后置定语；其中，the family knows为省略关系词的定语从句，修饰people。how they got where they are 作 about 的宾语，其中 they are又作got的宾语。
【译文】经常在就餐时讨论全家都认识的人以及他们是如何取得现在的成就的。

28. When asked what they want to do, they should be discouraged from saying "I have no idea."

【分析】多重复合句。when引导时间状语从句，从句的主语和be动词被省略，补充完整应为When they are asked...。what引导的宾语从句作asked的宾语。
【译文】当孩子被问到“以后想干什么”时，家长应该阻止他回答说“我不知道”。