长难句讲解

阅读难句 2002
1. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure.

【分析】多重复合句。句子主干为 message...is what...其中 what 引导表语从句，该从句中包含 when 引导时间状语从句。

【译文】每当听到“同侪压力”这个词时，我们大多数的脑海中总会半诱惑半强迫地出现这样一个低低的声音。

【点拨】whisper “低语，窃窃私语”，本句中变为过去分词作定语，意为“低语的”。

2. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the world.

【分析】多重复合句。句子主干为 Tina Rosenberg contends that...，其中 that 引导宾语从句，该从句中又包含 what 引导的宾语从句，作 through 的宾语。what 引导的宾语从句中还包含 which 引导的非限定性定语从句，修饰 the social cure，其中介词 in 提前。

【译文】但是在她的新书《加入俱乐部》中，Tina Rosenberg认为同侪压力也能成为一种积极的力量，社会组织和政府利用群体动力帮助一些人改善他们的生活，甚至改变整个世界。她将这种方法称为社会疗法。

【点拨】1) contend “声称，主张”。2) dynamics “动力学，动态”，本句中指“动力”。

语法拓展

语法拓展

表语从句

表语从句在句子中充当表语，其功能是说明或解释主语。表语从句一定要用陈述语序，且引导词不能省略。

1）表语从句的系动词除 be 之外，还有 look, seem, appear, sound, taste, feel, remain 等。例如：He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago. 他已经成为了十年前他想成为的样子。

2）表语从句的引导词包括：连词 that, whether( that 不能省略，whether 不可以用 if 来替换)；连接代词等 what, whatever, who, whoever 等；连接副词 when, where, how, why 等，一些从属连词和词组如 because, as, as if, as though。例如：But it's not as if earlier times didn't know perpetual war, disaster and the message of innocents. 但这不是说以前的时代没有经历过连续不断的战争、灾难和滥杀无辜。

3）需要注意的是，当句子主语是 reason 时，表语从句应当由 that 而不是 because 来引导，且 that 可省略；但可以用“it/this/that is because...”来表示原因。例如：The reason is that modern man seems unable to redesign his institutions fast enough to accommodate the new demands, the new intelligence, the new abilities of segments of society which, heretofore, have not been taken seriously. 原因在于，现代人似乎不能尽快地修正其已形成的各种习俗以适应那些迄今尚未被认真对待的、来自社会各阶层的新的需求、新的智慧和新的才干。