27.He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the "survival of the fittest",in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies.

【分析】多重复合句。句子主干是He argued that... 。that引导argued 的宾语从句，其中he called the“survival of the fittest”为省略关系词的定语从句,修饰struggle; which引导非限制性定语从句,也修饰 struggle。

【译文】他认为，人类进化的特点是他称之为“适者生存”的斗争。在这场斗争中，弱小的种族和社会最终将被更强大、更先进的种族和社会所取代。

【点拨】1) be characterized by意为“以...为特征。”2) eventually“最后，终于”。

【临摹】欧也妮•葛朗台淋漓尽致地体现出守财奴的特点是贪婪。

28.Thus, in his view, diverse aspects of culture, such as the structure of families,forms of marriage, categories of kinship, ownership of property, forms of government, technology, and systems of food production, all changed as societies evolved.

【分析】复合句。主干结构是diverse aspects of culture all changed …。短语 such as …food production作插入语,as societies evolved是as引导的时间状语从句。

【译文】因此,按照摩根的观点，文化的各个方面——比如家庭结构、婚姻形式、亲属关系类别、财产所有权、政府形式、科技以及食品生产体系——都随着社会的发展而改变。