历史频道《人类:我们的故事》第一集22:现代战争的起源

You start to see the very beginnings

你会看到

of the trade and specialization

最初的贸易和分工

that Adam Smith would talk about

这也正是亚当·斯密数千年后

thousands of years later

在中

in "The Wealth of Nations",

所探讨的

where different groups have different abilities.

群体不同则能力不同

Right there in bronze,

在锻造的青铜中

you start to see the beginnings of the modern economy.

人们可以看出现代经济的开端

Traders spread civilization across the world,

商人们向世界各地传播文明

Connecting the Middle East to India, Europe and beyond.

把中东的文明传向印度 欧洲以及其它地区

But the trade in bronze and the struggle to control it

但青铜器交易的泛滥

Now lead to the birth of modern warfare.

成为了现代战争的起源

Megiddo, in modern-day Israel.

米吉多市位于现在的以色列

April 16th, 1457BC.

在公元前1457年4月16日

Egypt's new Pharaoh, Tutmoses iii.

埃及新法老图特摩斯三世上位

Young. Ambitious. Untested.

他年轻气盛 野心勃勃 却毫无经验

Middle Eastern warlords have seized control

中东的军阀夺取了

Of the city of Megiddo,

米吉多市的控制权

The key to the trade networks of the ancient world.

这是古代世界贸易网的核心地点

重点讲解

1、spread

摊开;铺开

She spread a towel on the sand and lay on it.

她在沙滩上铺了一条毛巾，躺在上面。

His coat was spread over the bed.

他的外套摊在床上。

伸出，张开,叉开(手臂、双手、手指、双腿等)

Sitting on the floor, spread your legs as far as they will go without overstretching.

坐在地板上，在不要拉伤的前提下将双腿尽量分开。

He stepped back and spread his hands wide. 'You are most welcome to our home.'

他往后退了一步，伸开双手。“非常欢迎你到我们家来。”

涂;抹;敷

Spread the mixture in the cake tin and bake for 30 minutes.

将混合物抹在蛋糕烤盘里，烘烤 30 分钟。

A thick layer of wax was spread over the surface.

表面涂上了厚厚的一层蜡。

(使)传播;(使)散布;(使)扩散

The industrial revolution which started a couple of hundred years ago in Europe is now spreading across the world.

两百多年前始于欧洲的工业革命目前正在向全世界传播。

the sense of fear spreading in residential neighborhoods.

在住宅小区中蔓延的恐惧感

2、struggle

奋力;努力;尽力

They had to struggle against all kinds of adversity.

他们不得不同一切困境做斗争。

Those who have lost their jobs struggle to pay their supermarket bills.

那些失业的人们想方设法以支付超市的账单。

斗争;奋斗;努力

Life became a struggle for survival.

生活成了一场奋力求生的斗争。

a young lad's struggle to support his poverty-stricken family.

年轻的小伙子为了支撑他贫困的家庭所作的努力

搏斗;扭打

She screamed at him to 'stop it' as they struggled on the ground.

他们在地上扭打成一团，她向他尖叫着“别打了”。

We were struggling for the gun when it went off!

我们正在争夺那把枪，这时它突然走火了！

艰难地做;吃力地做

I could see the young boy struggling to free himself.

我看到小男孩正在奋力挣脱。

I struggled with my bags, desperately looking for a porter.

我提着行李艰难地走着，迫切地寻找着搬运工。

3、ambitious

有雄心的；有抱负的；有野心的

Chris is so ambitious, so determined to do it all.

克里斯踌躇满志，决心要将它都做完。

He's a very ambitious lad and he wants to play at the highest level.

他是个很有抱负的小伙子，想参加最高水平的比赛。

规模宏大的；艰巨的

The ambitious project was completed in only nine months.

这个规模宏大的项目只用了9个月就完成了。

Their goal was extraordinarily ambitious.

他们的目标极其宏伟。