Hi, this is Your Health, Quickly, a Scientific American podcast series!

大家好，欢迎来到《科学美国人》播客系列节目《健康快讯》!

We bring you the latest vital health news: Discoveries that affect your body and your mind.

我们将为大家带来最新健康要闻：影响人们身心健康的发现nlyMcph(+o2U。

And we break down the medical research to help you stay healthy.

我们将分析医学研究，帮助大家保持健康V-H=wMrx!kK.6Ty。

I’m Tanya Lewis. I’m Josh Fischman. We’re Scientific American’s senior health editors.

我是谭雅·刘易斯~SN28fdwx3qV4。我是乔希·费什曼eZ=VUso2Z6。我们是《科学美国人》的高级健康编辑q6s1ES~dl!kB=。

On today’s show, we’re talking about ultra-processed foods—what they are, whether they’re bad for you, and why it’s so hard to study their effects.

在今天的节目中，我们将讨论超加工食品是什么，它们是否对人体有害，以及为什么研究它们的影响如此困难(,;K3,Y!-ACnZE4^!。

I don’t know about you, Josh, but I’m a big fan of ice cream.

乔什，我不知道你怎么样，但我很喜欢吃冰淇淋]0tw!aJ4_#F*A。

I often eat cereal for breakfast, sometimes with a bit of fruit yogurt. And I enjoy a good gin cocktail.

我早餐经常吃麦片，有时加一点水果酸奶^x+(wSQr09O(N。我喜欢高品质的杜松子鸡尾酒Tu1LEu;lEGpwp%kZe。

What do you think these foods have in common?

你觉得这些食品有什么共同之处?

Wait a minute. You’re actually giving me a pop quiz?

等等，你真的要给我做突击测验吗?

Yes I am.

是的，我要给你做突击测验d8-J~K[)TE。

But there are so many different right answers here.

不过，有很多不同的正确答案nbxSc,cH|y3CXy!ITH。

All those foods have a lot of sugar. In one form or another. They’ve all been linked to poor health. And they all have fruit as an ingredient, even the gin.

所有这些食物都含有大量的糖ZU%UjKl0A=Oei~L[+。以这样或那样的形式4AGBC.f]~XLnAq;k。它们都被认为与身体不好有关h%nrki=yBW。它们都以水果为配料，甚至杜松子酒也是如此sPLv69*I84。

Which one are you looking for?

哪个是你要找的答案?

The answer I was looking for was that they are all ultra-processed.

我想要的答案是，这些食品都经过超加工处理(~2bhr0BtqmQSH。

Oh. Yeah, of course. But what exactly is “ultra-processed food,” and how does it differ from “processed” food? Is it bad for you?

是的，当然N|qq|T=I62R_KY=1NW2。但究竟什么是“超加工食品”，它与“加工”食品有何不同？它对人体有害吗?

Here to answer some of these questions for us is our editorial intern, Lori Youmshajekian.

为我们回答其中一些问题的是我们的编辑实习生洛莉·尤姆沙基安+t(vWfRt*ejBaK!8jX。

She’s writing a news story about ultra-processed foods.

她正在写一篇关于超加工食品的新闻报道oZnhp3cqP)rv#Ujex。

Lori, welcome to Your Health, Quickly!

洛莉，欢迎来到《健康快讯》节目!

Thanks for having me.

感谢你邀请我^!n11YbKGi%k)9。

Hey there, Lori.

你好，洛莉cppfCP^s;gbSAp6)b*cb。

So Lori, I’ve heard of processed foods before.

洛莉，我之前听说过加工食品]mzyFjSusSHS,WaOHDL。

I always thought of them as just any kind of packaged or prepared food, like chips or candy.

我一直觉得加工食品就是一种包装好的食物或现成的食物，比如薯片、糖果Oje+p46cgg19DAG.Tf。

So what makes a food “ultra processed,” and how is that different from just “processed” food?

那么是什么让一种食物成为“超加工”食品呢? 它与“加工”食品又有什么不同呢?

So, the rule of thumb is that ultra-processed foods are the things that you can’t make in your own kitchen.

经验之谈是，超加工食品是你无法在自己的厨房里制作的东西2(]U*N^Bbo4[_。

And that’s because they’ve gone through some kind of industrial processing, where the ingredients have been changed in a way that you just wouldn’t be able to do with domestic equipment, or there are additives to preserve the food, make it crunchier, shinier, all those sorts of things.

这是因为它们经过了某种工业加工5&M9]Zp9~xMg-。原料在加工中发生了某种改变，这是你用家用设备无法做到的，里面的添加剂可以保存食物、使食物更松脆、更有光泽，诸如此类[a=].&L&AxoMVsCN。

They’re typically designed to be ready to eat and really don’t resemble the raw ingredients they’re made from.

它们通常被设计成即食食品，与制作食物的原料完全不同GAiOr;+AYr3=lO^w。

What are some examples?

有什么例子吗?

You might recognize things like chips or sodas. But also granola bars or breakfast cereals, or even protein powders. So it’s a really diverse group of food.

你可能会辨别出薯片或苏打水之类的东西Xvvpi^WGxx)[2EwB。不过，燕麦棒、早餐麦片，甚至蛋白粉之类的也是超加工食品2#U=jzmmuI[g=z+q^。因此，超加工食品种类多样JQ-75s=-tzr%。

Completely unprocessed food is something basically straight from the farm or your garden, like a potato you just pulled from the ground.

完全未经加工的食物基本上是直接从农场或菜园中采摘的东西，比如刚从地里拔出来的土豆sN*o*nL0Sa.。