听力文本
Ever lose your ability to taste during a cold, because your nose is stuffed up?
That’s because the nose is intimately involved with taste.
When you chew, volatile flavor compounds from the food get lofted up toward the back of your mouth.
And when you exhale you carry some of those flavor compounds up into your nasal cavity, where they hit olfactory receptors.
"As children we basically learn, the first lesson of table manners is to keep the mouth closed while chewing, and you also want to breathe smoothly."
Rui Ni, a mechanical engineer at Penn State.
"I think this is not only because it's courteous,but also because it actually you can smell the food much better if you can breathe smoothly."The backdoor by which smell contributes to taste is called "retronasal olfaction."

And it turns out our airways are exquisitely tuned to enhance that effect.

Ni and his colleagues 3D-printed a model of a woman's airway, using a CT scan as a template.
To track airflow, they laced water with fluorescent particles and pumped it through the apparatus, filming the results.
They found that when you breathe in, that inward airflow actually forms a curtain at the back of your mouth, blocking food particles from getting into the lungs which is a good thing.
And when you exhale, air swirls through that cavity in the back of the mouth, sweeping up those volatile particles and delivering them right to the nasal cavity, where you can smell them.
The results appear in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
There is a way to derail this well-tuned system: the effect's ruined if you're really huffing and puffing.
Meaning if you're wolfing down your food, gasping for air, that turbulent breathing actually delivers more of those food molecules into your lungs and fewer into the nasal cavity.
In other words, your mother was right all along: keep your mouth shut and don’t bolt your food.
It’ll cut the chances of choking, and enhance the taste of the meal.

参考译文
有没有过感冒时鼻子阻塞失去味觉的经历?
那是因为鼻子同味觉有着紧密的联系b64FkarpGc9i)L。
当你在咀嚼食物时，食物中的挥发性风味物质会进入嘴的后部m~]RWJpYbbA。
而吸气时，这些挥发性风味物就会进入你的鼻腔，刺激嗅觉感受细胞@tYo(.1QN)%。
孩提时代我们基本上在餐桌礼仪中首先了解到的就是在咀嚼食物时嘴巴紧闭同时呼吸匀称]_2]nDeX20fU5^[e#.。
宾夕法尼亚州立大学的机械工程师瑞尼说道d0rVG%QJz1_bMsQ00~Y4。

“我认为那样的行为不仅是出于礼貌考虑，同时均匀呼吸可以更好提升食物的的品质Z+WdIcYdFYN@;#1h##^v。”
我们将嗅觉促成味觉的这条秘密通道称为“鼻后嗅觉”Uye%CF#!MJ。
结果表明我们的呼吸道会通过细致调节来增强这种效果Le!CpwSUE]l-~X.MCWo。
瑞尼和他的同事通过3D打印技术，使用CT扫描作为模板打印了女性呼吸道的模型TJ&cPQS!733!。
为了追踪气流流向，他们在水内加入荧光粒子并将水抽出来，再将结果拍摄下来w6Zcxn3fC7rM0=0Re)。
结果他们发现在吸气时，向内的气流实际上会在口腔后部形成一道障壁有助于防止食物颗粒进入肺部—这是好事H)Fzm-DT65UoPOU-。
而呼气时，气体在口腔后部形成漩涡，清扫那些挥发性食物粒子并将其送入鼻腔，这样你就会闻到食物的味道8fZc2PGg,1JrE(~。
这项研究已经在《美国国家科学院刊》杂志上发表6zkyUh[^XOs%ydZGt^V。
有一种方法还可以破坏这样的调节系统：如果你上气不接下气时这样的效果就会不复存在P_Y,xl=QF,#。
这表示如果你进食时是狼吞虎咽，大喘粗气，那么紊乱的呼吸会将更多的食物分子送入肺中，而只有少量才会进入鼻腔MK5&~LL60)71-xT+e。
换言之这证明了你母亲的话：吃饭时闭上嘴巴而且不要暴饮暴食.+-p7,CTM)NtPC]V。
这样做会减少窒息的可能性，并且提升食物品质DGRWfpt,7@Y1bHY4。

译文为可可英语翻译，未经授权请勿转载！

重点讲解

1.table manner 餐桌礼仪

例句:Watch you table manner.
注意餐桌上的礼仪6Qu_ob0CUG]JEN1E。

2.want to 想要

例句:Community leaders want to strengthen controls at external frontiers.
社区领导想要加强对小区外围的管理;2hD-!4b]!kADHyW8la。

3.contribute to 有助于

例句:It also shows how the ease of doing iterations without disrupting usage can contribute to successful application development projects.
还展示了在不中断使用的情况下，轻松实现的迭代如何促成成功的应用程序开发项目Av3gv7%-]H。

4.turn out 关掉;结果是

例句:If I had known my life was going to turn out like this, I would have let them kill me.
如果我早知道自己的人生结局会是如此，我当时宁愿让他们杀了我px2&!qE8X1*。