BBC英国史

In their different ways, all these people were or thought they were - up-and-comers.

通过各种方法 这些人成为 或以为自己成为 新兴阶层

They would fight, if necessary, to prevent themselves from sinking into the down-and-outers.

如果必要 他们会奋起抗争 避免再次陷入穷困潦倒

Was this a class war, then a phrase we're not supposed to use since the official burial of Marxism?Yes, it was.

这是一场阶级战争吗 自马克思主义名存实亡 阶级战争这词也几乎湮灭 但这确实就是

The suspicion among in village England was that the real power behind the throne

英国民众怀疑 王位真正的操纵者

John of Gaunt, the Queen Mother, the Chancellor were gathering in fresh taxes,

冈特的约翰 太后 财政大臣 征收的新税款

not to finance a patriotic war in France,but to lavish on their own palaces and private estates.

并未用于保卫国家 征讨法国 而是用于修建奢侈的宫殿和豪宅

So when, in November 1380,parliament approved a new poll tax,

所以 当1380年11月 议会通过征收一项新的人头税

one which for the first time took no account of individual wealth,

史上第一次 按人头收税 完全不考虑财富差距

the yeomen farmers must have imagined the awful prospect of all their hard-won gains being snatched back by a greedy government.

自耕农们想到了可能面对的可怕前景: 他们来之不易的利益 会被贪婪的政府攫取

There was outrage, bloody-minded fury and mass evasion,which quickly escalated into outright rebellion.

强烈的愤怒和不满 迅速升级为暴力反抗

Tax collectors and sheriff's men were attacked, a few killed.

收税人和司法人员 被攻击 甚至被杀死

In Maidstone, they elected Wat Tyler,a yeoman craftsman, as their general and captain,

在梅德斯通 人们推举瓦特·泰勒 一名工匠 做为他们的领袖

and freed a Lollard anti-cleric called John Ball,who'd been imprisoned in the bishop's palace.

释放了被关押在主教宫殿的 罗拉德派反教会牧师约翰·保尔

词汇解析

1、private

（产业、服务）私立的，私有的，私营的，民营的

a joint venture with private industry.

与私营企业建立的合资企业

Bupa runs private hospitals in Britain.

保柏在英国开办私立医院。

个人的；私人的

the law's insistence that private citizens are not permitted to have weapons.

法律坚持要求公民个人不得持有武器

The King was on a private visit to enable him to pray at the tombs of his ancestors.

国王以私人身份出访，以便能够祭拜先祖陵墓。

（生活）私人的，个人的，与工作无关的

I've always kept my private and professional life separate.

我总是将私生活和工作分开。

My private affairs are no one's business but my own.

我自己的事自己管，不用其他人操心。

2、prospect

可能性；希望

Unfortunately, there is little prospect of seeing these big questions answered.

不幸的是，几乎不可能看到这些重大问题得到回复。

The prospects for peace in the country's eight-year civil war are becoming brighter.

该国经历8年内战之后重归和平的前景正逐渐变得光明。

（尤指事业的）成功机会，前景，前途

I chose to work abroad to improve my career prospects.

我选择出国工作以求在事业上有更好的发展。

a detailed review of the company's prospects.

对该公司前景的详细考查

勘探；勘察

He had prospected for minerals everywhere from the Gobi Desert to the Transvaal.

他已在从戈壁沙漠到德兰士瓦的无数地方勘探过矿藏。

In fact, the oil companies are already prospecting not far from here.

事实上，石油公司已经在离此不远处进行勘探。