视听正文

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备注：本期视频选自BBC记录篇《英国史》之《女王的诞生》。

解说词：

She was barely a teenager when trouble first struck.

初次遭遇困境时尚不及豆蔻之年。

She was living with her guardian, Katherine Parr, Henry VIII's widow

她与自己的监护人——亨利八世的遗孀Katherine Parr同住，

when Parr's new husband, Thomas Seymour, started paying playful visits to her bedroom.

而帕尔的新任丈夫Thomas Seymour在此期间嬉戏于她的卧房。

When Katherine Parr died,

Katherine Parr 死后，

a rumor started circulating that Seymour had his sights set on marrying Elizabeth.

谣言四起，说Seymour一心打算娶Elizabeth为妻。

To even think of such a thing was treason.

光是有这种想法就构成通奸了，

Even worse, some wagging tongues said that Elizabeth was pregnant with Seymour's child.

还有更糟糕的讹传——说伊丽莎白已经怀上了他的孩子。

It took all of Elizabeth's already extraordinary composure and self-confidence

伊丽莎白表现出了异常的沉稳与自信

to persuade Lord Protector, Somerset, that she was innocent.

为了让护国公 Somerset公爵相信自己的清白，

My Lord, there goes rumors abroad which are greatly against my honor,

大人， 近来外界风传有辱我尊严的谣言——

which are these that I am in the Tower and with child by my Lord Admiral.

说我深居塔中并身怀上将大人的孩子。

My Lord, these are shameful slanders.

大人，此等诽谤简直令人不齿。

I most heartily desire your Lordship

我全心全意地维护着皇室的尊严

that I may come to the court and show myself there as I am.

并愿当廷对质以示我的清白，

Your assured friend to my little power, Elizabeth.

以我绵薄之威严向您保证。您的朋友——伊丽莎白

She was, remember, just 14,

记得她当时只有十四岁，

but there was already the fortitude, the clarity and the courage.

却已经展现出了这样的刚毅勇敢，行文有条有理。

词汇精学

1. strike

双语释义： (cause sth to) come sharply into contact with sth

vt.（使某事物）突然遭遇到某事物

典型例句：There was a crash of thunder, then the storm struck.

一声惊雷过后, 狂风暴雨突然袭来。

The family was struck by yet another tragedy.（比喻意）

这个家庭又遭不幸了。

2. playful

双语释义：(of a remark, an action, etc.) made or done in fun; not serious

adj. 闹着玩的; 取乐的

典型例句：He gave her a playful punch on the arm.

他闹着玩地上击了一拳他的手臂。

He gave me a playful slap on the hand.他闹着玩地打了一下我的手。

3. circulate

双语释义：(cause sth to) pass from one place, person, etc to another

（使某事物）流传, 传播

典型例句：The news of her death circulated quickly.

她死去的消息迅速传开。

Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems.

他的经济四处问题很快就传开了。

4. treason

双语释义：the crime of doing sth that could cause danger to your country, such as helping its enemies during a war

n. 叛国（如战时通敌）; 背叛

典型例句：He was executed for treason.

他因叛国罪已处死。

He was beheaded for high treason.

他因叛国罪被斩首。

5. wag

双语释义：(cause sth to) move quickly from side to side or upand down

vt. （使某物）来回或上下迅速摇摆

典型例句：The dog's tail wagged.

那条狗尾巴摆了摆。

The dog wagged its tail excitedly.

那条狗兴奋地直摇尾巴。

My boss wagged his finger at me.

我的老板不赞同我的看法。

6. composure

双语释义：the state of being calm and in control of your feelings or behaviour

n.泰然自若，举止平静的状态; 镇静; 沉着

典型例句：He showed great composure in a difficult situation.

他在困难环境中表现得极沉着。

Keep calm; don't lose your composure.

保持镇静，不要惊慌失措。

She recovered herself/her composure and smiled.

她恢复了镇静,笑了笑。

7. slander

双语释义：a false spoken statement intended to damage the good opinion people have of sb; the legal offence of making this kind of statement

诽谤（罪）；诋毁；中伤

典型例句：You should have brought an action against him for slander.

你本应该控告他犯有诽谤罪的。

It's a malignant slander to me.

这对我是恶意的诽谤。

8. fortitude

双语释义： (formal) courage shown by sb who is suffering great pain or facing great difficulties

（在痛苦﹑ 危险或困难面前表现出的）勇气﹑ 坚韧和自制力；刚毅； 坚毅；不屈不挠

典型例句：He bore the pain with great fortitude.

他以极大的毅力忍受了痛苦。

She was successful for her fortitude character.

因为坚韧不拔的性格她成功了。

10. clarity

双语释义：the quality of being expressed clearly

u.n.清楚；明晰；清澈

典型例句：a lack of clarity in the law

The brilliant clarity of his argument could not be faulted.
11. lord

用法1：My Lord

双语释义：respectful form of address to certain noblemen, judges and bishops

大人, 阁下（对某些贵族﹑ 法官﹑ 主教等的直接尊称）

用法2：title prefixed to the names of peers and barons

勋爵（用在贵族和男爵的姓名之前）

例如：Lord Derby德比勳爵

12. admiral

双语释义：naval officer of high rank; officer commanding a fleet or squadron

海军将官; 舰队司令

典型例句：The admiral visits the ships under his command by helicopter.

舰队司令乘直升机视察他所指挥的军舰。

The admiral drained his cup in honor of the queen at a banquet given on her birthday.

那位海军上将在女王生日宴上为对女王表示敬意而干杯。

短语诠释

1. pay a visit：访问

注解：要表示“到什么地方访问或者是拜访某人”，在visit的后面用介词to，即：pay a visit to。如果表示多次的访问，去掉a，用visit的复数形式，即：pay visits （to）。

典型例句：I want to take this opportunity of business trip to pay a visit to my friend.

我想利用这次出差机会顺便拜访朋友。

It is the first time that my husband pay a visit to these countries.

这是我丈夫首次前往这些国家访问。

2. set on：倾心于，决心

注解：set on表示“决心，一心，倾心于”的意思时，用于被动语态。它与have连用也表示同样的意思，have后面要跟heart，sights等词语。

典型例句：She's absolutely set on publishing as a career.

她决意从事出版事业。

Ann has her heart set on going to the festival.

Ann一心要去参加庆祝会。

3. think of：打算，考虑

典型例句：It is frightening even to think of the horrors of nuclear war.

核战争的恐怖状况连想都不敢想。

Does she really think of adopting teaching as a profession?

她真想拿教书作正式的职业吗？

4. be pregnant with：有身孕，怀孕

典型例句：She was seven months pregnant with her second child Nate when doctors found the tumor.

当她从医生那里得知自己身患癌症这个噩耗的时候，她的第二个孩子纳特即将出世，她当时已经有了七个月的身孕。

When Mrs. Chao was pregnant with Hsin-mei, everyone thought she would have twins.

赵老太太肚子里怀着他，人家以为她准生双胞。

5. show oneself：展示某人自己

典型例句：Shall I do well, in the mean time, to show myself?

我在这个时候去抛头露面一番好不好呢？

I do not wish to show myself beaten before anyone else.

我不愿让其他人都认为我栽了跟头。

难句解析

1. She was living with her guardian, Katherine Parr, Henry VIII's widow when Parr's new husband, Thomas Seymour, started paying playful visits to her bedroom.

【解析】这个句子有三个同位语，第一个是Katherine Parr，它是 guardian的同位语，说明监护人的姓名；第二个同位语是Henry VIII's widow，说明Katherine Parr的身份；第三个同位语是Thomas Seymour，说明Parr的新丈夫的名字。

【解析】when在这里是连词，意思是“可是”，不是“当.....时”。

2. When Katherine Parr died, a rumor started circulating that Seymour had his sights set on marrying Elizabeth.

【解析】that Seymour had his sights set on marrying Elizabeth是由引导词that引导的同位语从句其同位词是rumor，它被放于句尾，属于分隔式同位语从句。

用分隔式同位语从句起到平衡句子结构，避免句子头重脚轻。我们可以看到that Seymour had his sights set on marrying Elizabeth长于谓语started circulating，所以这里使用分隔式同位语从句。

此外，that在这里没有实际意义。

3. Even worse, some wagging tongues said that Elizabeth was pregnant with Seymour's child.

【解析】even worse是“更糟糕的是”，做插入语用。even在这里是副词，修饰形容词比较级，与之意思相同的一个短语是what’s worse，但是用法有差异。例如：

Even worse, I got sick tonight. 更糟的是，我那晚病了。

What's worse, I lost my job. 更糟的是，我丢了工作。

Do you know what's worse than failure? 你知道什么比失败更糟糕的吗？

在第三个句子中只能用what is worse。因为even worse通常用于陈述句中，疑问句中常用what is worse。

【解析】wag是“摇摆”的意思，句中的wagging是其现在分词形式，这里可以理解为“正在传来传去的”，它在这里体现的是“时间性”，表示“当时候”谣言正漫天飞，

4. It took all of Elizabeth's already extraordinary composure and self-confidence to persuade Lord Protector, Somerset, that she was innocent.

【解析】take在这里的意思是“需要拿出”。

这个句子由于真实主语太长，真实主语是——to persuade Lord Protector, Somerset, that she was innocent。这个真实主语中含有一个同位语Somerset，它是Lord Protector的同位语，说明护国公的姓名，并且含有宾语从句——that she was innocent，所以就使用了形式主语it。

5. My Lord, there goes rumors abroad which are greatly against my honor, which are these that I am in the Tower and with child by my Lord Admiral.

【解析1】整个句子是一个倒装句。倒装的结构是there（或者here）+系动词（或助动词或情态动词）+主语，这样的倒装结构动词通常是go，come。例如：Here comes the bus. 公交车来了。Here goes the bell. 铃声响了。

这个句子的主语是rumors，谓语动词是go，abroad是副词，意思是“在传播，在流传”，那么there goes rumors abroad的意思是“谣言四处散布”“谣言满天飞”。

【解析2】这个倒装句中含有1个非限定性定语从句和一个分隔式限定性定语从句。

非限定性定语从句是——which are greatly against my honor，这个定语从句中的which是指代前面整个句子说的情况，即：there goes rumors abroad（谣言四处传播）。它补充说明的是“谣言四处散布对伊丽莎白自己的影响”。

分隔式限定性定语从句是—which are these that I am in the Tower and with child by my Lord Admiral。”先行词是rumors，是事物，在定语从句中做主语，本句中是用which引导，做主语的引导词不能省略。句中又含有一个限定性定语从句—— that I am in the Tower and with child by my Lord Admiral，当定语从句中含定语从句这样的情况，引导词只能用that。由于这个限定性定语从句长于前面所讲到的非限定性定语从句，所以放句尾，则称之为分隔式限定性定语从句。

6. Your assured friend to my little power, Elizabeth.

【解析】assured是assure过去分词做前置定语，assure是“使放心”的意思，那么assure与所修饰的名词friend是被动关系，是friend（指伊丽莎白）会让护国公放心的，所以这里用过去分词。

语篇赏析

一、语篇层意分析：

上文主要叙述仅有14岁的伊丽莎白一世在母亲被亨利国王判处死刑后悲惨的待遇和遭遇：

第一、其监护人是亨利八世的遗孀，可是却被其新的丈夫调戏。

第二、伊丽莎白一世遭到诽谤，说原来监护人的丈夫要其她为妻，甚至诽谤她患有身孕了。

第三、在谣言满天飞的时候，伊丽莎白一世泰然处之，想护国公述说自己对朝廷谣言的憎恨以及阐明了谣言对她的负面影响，并提出敢于当面对质还自己一个清白。

二、人物性格分析：

伊丽莎白一世从小就天生具备领导能力：沉着，勇敢，爱憎分明。