BBC英国史

Before Henry, justice was, "Do what I want, I'm the king."

在亨利以前 审判只是"国王所言 照做便是"

By the end of Henry's reign, getting the king's justice didn't depend on the king being there in person.

到了亨利统治的晚期 国王的审判 不再依赖于国王亲自到场主持

Henry had established permanent, professional courts,sitting at Westminster or touring the counties,acting reliably in his name.

亨利设立了固定的职业法庭 坐镇威斯敏斯特 或在各地巡回开庭 以他的名义主持审判

Now law became, "listen to what my judges have to say.

"如今 法律成为"听听法官怎么说"

By 1180, those judges could consult England's first legal textbook

1180年 法官们可以查阅 英格兰第一本合法的教材

full of precedents on which to base their decisions.

以其中的判例作为审判的依据

The law now had its own kind of majesty.

法律终于有了自己的尊严

It was vow number one though, the protection of the church,which quite unpredictably would cause Henry Ⅱ the greatest grief.

而正是第一条誓言 保护教会 谁都没有想到 造成了 亨利二世最大的悲剧

It was to provoke a kind of spiritual civil war,

由此爆发的信仰之战

in its way every bit as unsettling as the feudal civil war,

其激烈程度丝毫不亚于国土之争

and which in its most dreadful hour would end with bloodshed in the cathedral.

直接导致了最后的惨剧 以大教堂的流血事件收场

This was especially ironic since at the outset it seemed to be the church that was the strongest pillar of Henry's administration.

尤为讽刺的是 教会从一开始就是 亨利最为倚重的统治机构

Its literate clerics initiated him into the mysteries of governing England.

正是那些有文化的牧师 教会他统领英格兰的奥义

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1、establish

建立;创立;设立；制定

The UN has established detailed criteria for who should be allowed to vote.

联合国已经制定了有关投票资格的标准细则。

The School was established in 1989 by an Italian professor.

这所学院由一名意大利教授于1989年创建。

建立，开始（联系）

We had already established contact with the museum.

我们已经和那家博物馆建立了联系。

Singapore and South Africa have established diplomatic relations.

新加坡和南非已经建立了外交关系。

确定;查实;证实

Medical tests established that she was not their own child.

医学化验证实她不是他们的亲骨肉。

It will be essential to establish how the money is being spent.

查清楚这笔钱将作何用途至关重要。

2、decision

决定;抉择

A decision was taken to discipline Marshall.

已作出对马歇尔进行处罚的决定。

The president said he'd made no firm decision on whether he would run for a second term in office.

总统说他还没有下定决心是否竞选连任。

作决定;作抉择

The moment of decision cannot be delayed.

作出决定的时刻由不得耽搁。

This was a matter for decision by the individual.

这件事需要个人自己决定。

果断;决断（力）

He is very much a man of decision and action.

他是一个遇事非常果断、行动极为迅速的人。