视听正文

声明：该节目讲解由可可原创。

备注：本期视频选在BBC记录片《英国史》之《女王的诞生》。

精彩视觉：

精彩解说：

She had survived, just, but she must have been full of dark knowledge

她幸存下来了，却已满腹阴险的心术权谋。

and experience about how difficult it was all going to be.

过去的种种告诉她—— 她的未来将满布荆棘。

Her mother had been killed for producing just a daughter and a stillborn,

她的母亲就因为诞下一女与一死胎而招致杀身之祸，

and her sister Mary's womb produced only the tumor that killed her.

她的姐姐玛丽因为得了子宫瘤而去世。

However dazzling Elizabeth looked, however clever she was,

因此无论伊丽莎白多么光鲜亮丽，无论多么聪慧过人，

she must have known how rough the road was going to be for a ruler of the wrong sex.

她都必定深知作为一位女性君王，她的统治将会倍加艰难。

The 25-year old Elizabeth came into an inheritance of high hopes and deep anxieties.

25岁的伊丽莎白在举国期待与各界的疑虑中继承了皇位。

The celebrations at her coronation were carefully designed to show off the young queen as the paragon of virtue.

她的加冕仪式经过了精心的设计，竭力将这位年轻的女王打造成美德的典范。

This charade of piety, though, was hardly enough to compensate for the misfortune of having another woman on the throne.

又一位女人继位执政的不幸，但这种虚伪的虔诚却远远不可能抵消。

词汇精讲

第一、动词精讲

1. produce

双语解释：bear (off spring )

典型例句：The cow has produced a calf.

这母牛生了一头小牛。

2. dazzle

双语释义：impress (sb) greatly through splendor, ability, etc

使（某人）赞许, 称奇

典型例句：He was dazzled by her beauty and wit.

她聪明貌美使他为之神魂颠倒，

第二、形容词精讲

1. rough

双语释义：difficult to endure or live through, especially because of harsh or inclement weather

艰难的：尤指因恶劣或严寒的天气而难以忍受或活不下去的

典型例句：A rough winter is coming.

严冬即将来临。

【名词精讲】

1. inheritance

双语释义：the money, property, etc. that you receive from sb when they die; the fact of receiving sth when sb dies

n. 继承

典型例句：He entered on his inheritance when he was 21.

他21岁时继承了财产。

She came into (= received) her inheritance at eighteen.

2. anxiety

双语释义：a worry or fear about sth

c.n. 忧虑; 担心; 焦虑

典型例句：The anxieties of the past week had left her exhausted.

上星期把她愁得没精打彩。

The doctor's report removed all their anxieties.

医生的报告消除了他们的一切忧虑。

第三、名词泛讲

1. stillborn adj. 死产的：产下时死去的

2. womb：c.n子宫

3. tumor：c.n肿瘤，肿块

短语精讲

第一、短语精讲

1. full of

讲解：这是形容词性固定搭配的短语，full是形容词，of是介词，意思是“充满”。后面可以名词或动名词短语。它修饰名词可以放于所修饰名词的前面或者后面。

例句：He rode home reluctantly, with his poor head full of visions.

他很不情愿地飘飘然走回家去，他那可怜的脑子里充满了幻想。

The villagers was full of hate in their eyes and stared the traitor down.

眼里充满仇恨的乡亲们，盯得那个叛徒垂了眼睛。

2. kill for

讲解：kill后面接somebody，for是介词，后面接something，表示原因，那么kill somebody for something意思是“因某事而杀害某人”。

例句：Now they mean to kill him for turning on them.

如今他们却因为他跟他们对抗，就想要他的命。

People kill them for their tusks. Now they are an endangered species.

人们为取得象牙而杀害它们，现在它们成了濒临绝种的动物。

3. be rough for sb

讲解：表示对于某人来说很艰难，那么要用介词for，不要用to。

5. high hopes

讲解：high是高的意思，在这里是“很大的”的意思，hope是“希望”的意思，表示“很到的期望”，hope要使用其复数形式，即：hopes。

这是个名词性短语，作谓语和动词“have”“place”等连用，即：have high hopes（给予厚望），place high hopes in one's child（望子成龙 )等。还可以和介词with搭配，意思是“满怀希望地”。

例句：Our reform involves great risks, but we have high hopes of success.

我们的改革有很大的风险，但很有希望成功。

The herdsmen started out with high hopes.

牧民们满怀希望地出发了。

My parents had placed high hopes in their mind for years, but they failed because of my health.

我的父母多年以来一直望子成龙，但是由于我的身体不好，他们愿望未能实现。

6. experience about

讲解：experience是可以指“做某事的经验”，也可以指“做过某事的经历”，无论哪个意思，表示.......的经验或者经历，experience后面都要使用介词about，它的意思是“关于”。它后面可以接名词，动名词或宾语从句。

例句：I can never forget my first experience about climbing Mountain Tai.

我永远忘不了第一次爬泰山的经历。

I've got lots of experience about this position.

我获得了许多关于这项工作的经验。

第二、短语泛讲

1. come into an inheritance：开始继承

2. deep anxieties：深深的忧虑

3. dark knowledge：厚黑学问，阴险的心术

难句精讲

1. She had survived, just, but she must have been full of dark knowledge and experience about how difficult it was all going to be.

【解析1】这句话的第二个分句使用了虚拟语气。体现在谓语结构：“must have been full...”，这个结构（must have done）表示说话者“现在对过去的事情”的非常肯定推测。再如：

She must have done that sort of thing. Where there's smoke there's fire. 无风不起浪，我想她肯定做过那种事。

【解析2】dark knowledge中的dark是“黑暗的”的意思，这里引申为“阴险的，见不得人的”的意思，因此这个短语可以翻译为“阴险的心术”或者是“厚黑学问”。

【解析3】experience about how difficult it was all going to be中的介词后面接的宾语从句的结构是：程度副词how+形容词+主语+谓语。再如：

You don't know how difficult the job is, unless you have done it yourself. 没有做过这项工作的人，就不知道其中的甘苦。

此外，句中的it was all going to be difficult可以翻译为“事态将来是非常艰难的”。

3. Her mother had been killed for producing just a daughter and a stillborn, and her sister, Mary's womb produced only the tumor that killed her.

【解析1】这个句子中含有2个同样的动词produce，意思不一样，第一个是指“生儿育女”，第二个是指“植物，动物或人的躯体长出什么东西”，那么句中的produce the tumor意思是“长处一个肿瘤”。

【解析2】句中有2个表示“只不过，仅仅”的意思的词语，一个是only，一个是just。因为书面语写作在同一句子或文章中要表示同样意思的词最好选择不同的词语，避免措辞单调，读者读起来乏味。

【解析3】 that killed her是限定性定语从句，修饰先行词tumor，rumor在定语从句中做主语，而且是指物，那么which，that这两个关系代词都可以用，文中用的是that。由于是做主语，那么关系代词不可以省略。

3. However dazzling Elizabeth looked, however clever she was, she must have known how rough the road was going to be for a ruler of the wrong sex.

【解析1】however在文中是连词，意思是“无论怎样”“不管怎样”“无论如何”等，那么它的用法是however+形容词（或副词）+主语+谓语。例如：

She leaves her bedroom window open, however cold it is. 无论天气多么冷, 她都敞着卧室的窗户。

He will never succeed however hard he tries.不论他怎样努力, 都不会获得成功。

【解析2】road原意是“道路”的意思，在这里引申为“将来要经历的事情”。我们中文也有同样的说法，rough road意思为“坎坷之路”。

【解析3】 a ruler of the wrong sex中的wrong有“不适当的”的意思，sex是指“女性或男性”，那么wrong sex直译为“不适当的性别”。
我们要联系历史来理解这个短语。历来皇室的统治者一般是男性，而伊丽莎白一世是女性，以女性的身份继承皇位，照惯例来看是不合适的人选。那么，a ruler of wrong sex就根据意思翻译为“一个女性统治者”。

历史轶闻

三岁时，母亲被父王赐死，她继承王位的机会也很渺茫，除非前面的弟弟和姐姐全都绝后才能轮到她。

而这一切就这么发生了，弟弟爱德华10岁登基，16岁夭亡，然后姐姐玛丽继位，不久也抑郁而终。

于是25岁的年轻漂亮而且开明的伊丽莎白走上了英格兰之颠。

只是不幸的是，她为了巩固王位，纵横捭阖于当时的强国西班牙与法国之间，放弃了婚姻，换来的是大英帝国的崛起。