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视频选自BBC纪录片《英国史》之《女王的一生》。

精彩视觉：

精彩解说：

Elizabeth did all the things,

伊丽莎白的所作所为

women in 16th-century England weren't supposed to do.

在16世纪英格兰的女子所不被允许做的。

She looked men in the eye and speak out of turn.

她不怯与男子四目相对，甚至打断别人的发言。

She had been schooled to it by her tutor, Roger Ascombe.

这是受到她的导师Roger Ascombe的影响。

Ascombe was not just another low-rent don.

Ascombe绝非无名小卒，

He was the public orator at Cambridge University,

他是剑桥大学的公共演讲师，

and it was his outlandish idea

他打破陈腐教条，

to teach the teenage girl a discipline most people thought

教授这个年轻姑娘在当时社会认为不宜女子学习的课程：

unsuitable for a woman: the art of the art of public speech.

修辞的艺术，公开演讲的艺术。

This was Elizabeth's first and would remain her strongest political weapon.

而这却成为了伊丽莎白最先掌握的，也是她最有力的政治利器。

But there was something Elizabeth brought to the management of sovereignty that was entirely her own;

不过伊丽莎白在政权统治上也独具自己的风格。

something, for that matter, which none of the princely conduct manuals spelled out,

那是男性帝王之术所从未教导过的：

that statecraft was also stagecraft.

即：治国之道，亦为表演之道。

词汇精讲

第一、动词讲解

1. suppose

双语释义：be expected or required to do sth (by rules, custom, etc)

被期望或被要求（按规则﹑ 惯例等）做某事

语法用法：be supposed to do sth（=should do sth）

典型例句：Am I supposed to clean all the rooms or just this one?

我是应该打扫所有的房间, 还是只这一间?

You're supposed to pay the bill by Friday.

你最晚在星期五结清这笔帐。

2. school

双语释义：(formal) to educate a child in or as if in a school

教育：在或象在学校中受教育

典型例句：She should be schooled with her peers.

她应该和贵族子弟一起接受教育。

She is a child who is well-schooled in good manners.

她是一个有教养懂礼貌的孩子。

第二、形容词讲解

1. low-rent

双语释义：of low social status or moral character

低层次的，低级的：较低的社会地位或道德品格的

典型例句：Steve may play low-rent, amoral types.

Steve可称之为低层次、缺乏道德的典型。

2. outlandish

双语释义：strange or extremely unusual

怪异的, 奇特的

典型例句：Her views on children are rather outlandish.

她对儿童的看法很奇怪。

There are quite some people swaggering through the streets in outlandish clothes.

穿着奇装异服招摇过市的大有人在。

第三、名词讲解

1. discipline

双语释义：a subject that people study or are taught, especially in a university

[C] （尤指大学的）学科、科目

典型例句：We're looking for people from a wide range of disciplines.

我们正在寻找各类学科的人才。

2. don

双语释义：(Brit) teacher at a university, esp at an Oxford or a Cambridge college

[C]大学教师（尤指在牛津大学或剑桥大学任教者）

3. orator

双语释义：(formal) a person who makes formal speeches in public or is good at public speaking

[C] 演说者, 演讲者, 雄辩家

典型例句：Her eloquence is so good that she cuts down the best orator.

她的口才如此之好，连最优秀的演说家也会相形见绌。

The fine political orator conned it by heart.

这个优秀的政治演讲者已把文稿熟记在心。

短语精讲

第一、短语精讲

1. speak out of turn

讲解：out of turn是一个固定短语，它的意思是“不按次序地”。那么speak out of turn就是“不按次序说话”的意思，也就是“插嘴”“打断别人的话”和“说了不该说的话，说话不得体”的意思。

例句：You had spoken out of turn and an informer reported you.

你稍微不慎说了一点不适宜的话，有人打小报告了。

You'll get your chance. Just wait and don't speak out of turn.

你会有机会的。等一等，不要抢先发言。

2. beunsuitable for

讲解：这是形容词性短语suitable的前面加上前缀un即成为其反义词，表示“不适合某人”“不适合做某事”，在unsuitable后面加上介词for。

例如：The committee decreed the movie unsuitable for children.

委员会裁定这部影片为儿童不宜片。

This murder film is unsuitable for children.

这部谋杀案影片不适宜给孩子们看。

The actress was unsuitable for the role.

那名女演员不适合演那个角色。

This area is unsuitable for heavy industry.

该地区不适宜发展重工业。

第二、短语泛讲

1.a teenage girl：十几岁的女孩

2. at Cambridge University：在剑桥大学

3. outlandish idea：奇异的思想

4. in 16th-century England：在16世纪的英国

难句解析

1. Elizabeth did all the things women in 16th-century England weren't supposed to do.

【结构剖析】这是一个含有定语从句的复合句。主句是：Elizabeth did all the things，定语从句是：women in 16th-century England weren't supposed to do。先从词是things（不定代词），关系代词只能用that，不能用which，由于things在定语从句中做宾语，就省略了that这个引导词。

【要点解析】句中的in 16th-century England做定语修饰women，be supposed to do something是习惯用语，意思是“被认为应该做某事”，相当于should do something。

2. He was the public orator at Cambridge University, and it was his outlandish idea to teach the teenage girl a discipline most people thought unsuitable for a woman: the art of the art of public speech.

【结构剖析】这是一个由并列连词and连接的2个分句。第一个分句是：He was the public orator at Cambridge University；第二个分句是： it was his outlandish idea to teach the teenage girl a discipline most people thought unsuitable for a woman: the art of the art of public speech。

第一个分句中的介词短语at Cambridge University修饰前面的名词orator，用介词at，表示在剑桥大学教书的雄辩家。

在第二个分句中使用了形式主语it，那么真是主语是这个很长的动词不定式：to teach the teenage girl a discipline most people thought unsuitable for a woman: the art of the art of public speech。

在这个动词不定式中的谓语使用了直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是：a discipline；间接宾语是：the teenage girl。

直接宾语有一个定语从句修饰它，定语从句是：most people thought unsuitable for a woman，那么先行词是discipline。它指事物，在定语从句中做宾语，具体讲是做thought的宾语，那么关系代词which或者是that可以省略的。

在这个定语从句中有一个动词结构用法：think+宾语+形容词（或形容词短语）。上文中是thought a discipline unsuitable for a woman， unsuitable for a woman是形容词短语做宾语的补足语。

the art of the art of public speech是做discipline的同位语，补充说明这个学科是什么学科。

历史轶事

伊丽莎白一世的成就：

她即位时英格兰处于内部因宗教分裂的混乱状态，但她不但成功地保持了英格兰的统一，而且在经过近半个世纪的统治后，使英格兰成为欧洲最强大， 富有的国家之一。

伊丽莎白执政期间，英格兰文化在此期间达到了一个顶峰，涌现出了诸如许多著名的人物，包括剧作家威廉·莎士比亚、克利斯托弗·马洛和班祖明·约翰逊；桂冠诗人爱德蒙·史宾沙将《仙后》献给她；法兰西斯·德瑞克爵士在其任内成为第一个环航地球的英国人；弗兰西斯·培根爵士发表了他对哲学与政治的观点；华达·罗利爵士和韩弗理·吉伯特爵士在北美建立了英国殖民地。

她的统治期在英国历史上被称为“伊丽莎白时期”，亦称为“黄金时代”。