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视频出处：

选自BBC纪录片《英国史》第七集《女王的一生》。

精彩视觉：

精彩解说：

【字幕版】

Mary now faced the rebel armies loyal to the murdered Darnley.

玛丽现在面对着忠于被谋杀的达恩利的叛军

But on the verge of battle,

但在战斗即将打响之际

Bothwell conveniently disappeared

波斯维尔却又逃之夭夭

to gather reinforcements, or so he said,

自称是为了集结军力

leaving Mary to face the enemy on her own.

以至于玛丽只能独自面对自己的敌人

It was the last she would ever see of him.

这是她最后一次见他

Dragged back to Edinburgh, a captive, filthy and dishevelled,

蓬头垢面 污秽不堪的玛丽作为俘虏被抓回爱丁堡

she appeared at a window, her dress torn from her shoulders,

她出现在窗前时 衣衫不整

her breasts exposed, and was greeted by a mob howling abuse.

胸部暴露 被一群暴民凌辱

Handbills featuring her as a mermaid began to appear,

市面上出现了把她描绘成美人鱼的传单

a mermaid being another name for a prostitute.

而美人鱼就是妓女的代称

Mermaids, of course, were not fit to sit on the throne of Scotland,

美人鱼当然不适合再坐王位

so Mary was forced to renounce it in favour of her baby son.

所以玛丽为了自己襁褓中的儿子被迫让出王位

Her Protestant half-brother, the Earl of Moray,

她的同父异母哥哥马利伯爵是个新教徒

took charge of baby James and made himself Regent of Scotland.

他接管了小詹姆斯 成为苏格兰的摄政王

【文章版】

Mary now faced the rebel armies, loyal to the murdered Darnley.

玛丽现在面对着忠于被谋杀的达恩利的叛军。

But on the verge of battle, Bothwell conveniently disappeared to gather reinforcements, or so he said, leaving Mary to face the enemy on her own. It was the last she would ever see of him.

但在战斗即将打响之际，波斯维尔却又逃之夭夭，自称是为了集结军力，以至于玛丽只能独自面对自己的敌人。这是她最后一次见他。

Dragged back to Edinburgh, captive, filthy and disheveled, she appeared at a window, her dress torn from her shoulders, her breasts exposed, and was greeted by a mob howling abuse.

蓬头垢面，污秽不堪的玛丽作为俘虏被抓回爱丁堡她出现在窗前时，衣衫不整，胸部暴露，被一群暴民凌辱。

Handbills featuring her as a mermaid began to appear, a mermaid being another name for a prostitute.

市面上出现了把她描绘成美人鱼的传单，而美人鱼就是妓女的代称。

Mermaids, of course, were not fit to sit on the throne of Scotland, so Mary was forced to renounce it in favour of her baby son. Her Protestant half-brother, the Earl of Moray took charge of baby James and made himself Regent of Scotland.

美人鱼当然不适合再坐王位，所以玛丽为了自己襁褓中的儿子被迫让出王位。她的同父异母哥哥马利伯爵是个新教徒，他接管了小詹姆斯 ，成为苏格兰的摄政王。

词汇精讲

第一、精讲词汇

1. expose

双语释义：uncover or leave sb/sth/oneself uncovered or unprotected

[vt.]显露或暴露（某人、某事物或自己）；处于无遮蔽或不受保护的状态

语法用法：~ sth/sb/oneself (to sth)

典型例句：We should use our head to think out some ways and try to expose our soldiers to unnecessary risks.

我们应该动动脑子想出办法，尽力使我们士兵冒不必要的危险。

The baby was left exposed to the wind and rain.

婴儿被离弃于风雨之中。

联想记忆：expose one's skin to the sun：使皮肤暴露于阳光下

2. howl

双语释义：mak a loud cry of a person expressing pain, scorn, amusement, etc

[vi.]尖声嚎叫，吼叫；大声叫喊；啸鸣

典型例句：The wind howled through the trees.

风呼啸着穿过树林。

联想记忆：howl in agony：哀叫 howl with laughter：高声大笑

3. abuse

双语释义：insulting words; offensive or coarse language

[U.N.] 恶言；辱骂；粗话

典型例句：The old lady hurled a stream of abuse at her daughter.

这位老妇人滔滔不绝大地破口大骂她的女儿。

4. reinforcement

双语释义：[pl.] extra soldiers or police officers who are sent to a place because more are needed

增援部队；（派去支持一支部队的）额外的人员

典型例句：The soldiers held the fort desperately till reinforcements arrived.

战士们拼死坚守阵地，直到援军到来。

We have sent in reinforcements.

我们已经提出需要增援部队。

第二、泛讲词汇

1. captive：adj. 被俘虏的，被捕获的

例：She was held captive for almost a month.

她被监禁了将近一个月。

2. rebel：n. 反叛分子， 造反者

例：He spent two years as the prisoner of rebel soldiers in the mountains.

他被山里的叛军抓走有两年之久。

3. verge：u.n. 边缘

例：She was on the verge of telling all the secret.

她正想把全部的秘密讲给我听。

4. conveniently：adv.适宜地

例：The outlets are conveniently placed for plugging in.

电源插座装在便于插插头的地方。

5. filthy：adj. 肮脏的，污秽的

例：My hands are filthy; I'd better go and clean myself up.

我的手脏了，最好去洗洗。

6. disheveled adj. 凌乱的, 不整洁的

例：His disheveled hair was dirty.

他散乱的头发很脏。

7. mob c.n. 暴民

例：The speaker was roughly handled by the mob.

演说者受到暴民的粗暴对待。

短语精讲

1. be loyal to：对......忠诚，效忠于......

例：He remained loyal to me through thick and thin.

他历尽艰辛始终都忠实于我。

We are loyal to our motherland.

我们忠于祖国。

The vassal swore that he would be loyal to the king forever.

这位封臣宣誓他将永远忠诚于国王。

2. on the verge of ：接近于...... 频临于......在某事即将发生之际; 接近出现某事物之点

短：on the verge of war, success, bankruptcy

在接近战争爆发﹑成功﹑破产之际

例：Her misery brought her to the verge of tears.

她难过得快要哭了。

3. tear something from something：从......撕下（扯下）......

例：He tore the notice down from a wall angrily.

他愤怒地从墙上撕下布告。

His classmate has tore a page out of his book.

他的同学把它的课本撕下了一页。

3. on one’s own：独立地

例：She' s leaving the company to branch out on her own.

她打算脱离这家公司, 自己开业。

She leaned to live on her own when she was in college.

在大学时她就学会自立了。

4. or so：大约

例：He must be thirty or so.

他一定有三十多岁了。

It' s going to be a cold winter, or so the newspaper says.

今天冬天将会很冷，好像报纸上是这么说的。

Don' t forget to turn down the gas after an hour or so.

别忘了过一小时左右把煤气关小点儿。

长句分析

1. Mary now faced the rebel armies loyal to the murdered Darnley.

要点讲解：这是一个简单句。句中的loyal to the murdered Darnley是属于形容词短语，所以它必须放于被修饰词的后面，修饰armies，做后置定语。再如：

例1：I think he is a man suitable for the job.（我认为他是适合做这项工作的人。）

例2：We need a place twice larger than this one.（我们需要一个比这里大一倍的地方。）

此外，在这个形容词短语中，murdered是过去分词作前置定语。它和被修饰词Darnley存在的是被动关系，是达恩利被谋杀，因此要用过去分词。

2. But on the verge of battle, Bothwell conveniently disappeared to gather reinforcements, or so he said, leaving Mary to face the enemy on her own.

结构剖析：这是含有现在分词短语的复合句。

主句是：on the verge of battle, Bothwell conveniently disappeared to gather reinforcements，现在分词短语是：leaving Mary to face the enemy on her own，剩余的or so he said是做插入语，but是起到承上启下的作用，表示转折。

在主句中on the verge of battles是介词短语作时间状语。

现在分词短语作伴随状况状语。（详细讲解：Bothwell借口以去召集增援部队而离开Mary时，Mary是给抛弃而独自面对敌人，Mary的这话中处境是伴随Bothwell离开的那些时间而同时发生的，因此判断为伴随状况状语。）

3. Dragged back to Edinburgh, captive, filthy and disheveled, she appeared at a window, her dress torn from her shoulders, her breasts exposed, and was greeted by a mob howling abuse.

结构剖析：这是一个有并列连词and连接的2个并列分句。

（1）第一个是：Dragged back to Edinburgh, captive, filthy and disheveled, she appeared at a window, her dress torn from her shoulders, her breasts exposed。第二个是：was greeted by a mob howling abuse。

（2）在第一个分句中含有一个过去分词短语和2个独立主格结构。过去分词短语是：dragged back to Edinburgh。这个过去分词短语作时间状语，可以改为时间状语从句：when she was dragged back to Edinburgh。Drag这个词在这里的意思是“迫使”的意思，它与主句的主语she是被动关系（注：她是被迫回到Edinburgh。），因此用过去分词短语。

（3）在主句中有三个形容词captive, filthy 和disheveled，它们都是做伴随状况状语，修饰谓语appear。（详解：当玛丽女王出现在窗口时候的状况是被俘虏的，肮脏的，头发蓬乱的。）

（4）主句中的2个独立主格是her dress torn from her shoulders, her breasts exposed。第一个主句是her dress，省略谓语系动词，直接跟标语torn from her shoulder。第二个主语是he breast，同样省略了系动词，后面接exposed，也是表语。这两个表示都过去分词性质的形容词。

（5）在第二个分句中，主语和第一个分句共用一个主语she，这样显得简洁。其中又一个现在分词短语作后置定语howling abuse修饰mod。