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Some American states are dealing with teacher shortages by lowering the requirements to become public school teachers.
美国一些州正在通过降低公立学校教师资格认证要求来解决教师短缺的问题。
Education Week and the Education Commission of the States found that 12 states either recently changed or are considering changing rules surrounding teacher certification.
《教育周刊》和美国教育委员会发现，最近有12个州改变或正在考虑改变有关教师资格认证的规定。
In some states, a college degree is not even required to become a teacher.
在一些州，成为一名教师甚至不需要大学学位。
Others are considering making it easier to pass a teacher exam.
其他州正在考虑让教师考试更容易通过。
The cause and extent of the shortages in the United States are widely debated.
美国师资短缺的原因和程度引发了广泛的争论。
But the National Education Association (NEA), an organization representing teachers, says that schools are facing a shortage of 300,000 teachers and school workers.
但维护教师利益的组织美国国家教育协会表示，学校缺少30万教师和学校工作人员。
And in a study of school officials released by Education Week last year, 40 percent said teacher shortages were either “very severe” or “severe.”
在《教育周刊》去年发布的一项面向学校官员的研究中，40%的人表示，教师短缺的问题“非常严重”或“严重”。
And the pandemic worsened the problem.
而新冠疫情使这个问题变得更糟。
States are hoping that by making it easier to become a teacher, more people will enter the profession.
各州希望通过让成为教师变得更容易来让更多的人当教师。
But critics say the plans will put unprepared and unqualified teachers into classrooms.
但批评人士表示，这些计划将会把毫无准备、不合格的教师送进教室。
Teacher certification is done on a statewide, rather than a national level.
教师资格认证是在全州范围内进行的，而不是在全国范围内进行的。
Requirements vary, but certification requires at least a college degree, and sometimes an advanced degree, like a master's or higher.
要求各不相同，但教师资格认证至少需要大学学历，有时还需要硕士或更高的学历。
It also requires completion of a state-approved teacher education program and the passage of a teacher exam.
它还要求完成州批准的教师教育计划，并通过教师考试。
In Florida, a law went into effect in July that permits military veterans without a college degree to earn teacher certification.
在佛罗里达州，一项法律于7月生效，该法律允许没有大学学历的退伍军人获得教师资格证书。
They must have completed some college classes, but a degree is not required.
他们必须完成一些大学课程，但不需要学位。
Florida Governor Ron DeSantis, a Republican, said in a statement that the law is a way to thank military families for their service.
佛罗里达州州长、共和党人罗恩·德桑蒂斯在一份声明中表示，这项法律是感谢军人家庭为国效力的一种方式。
“We … know that our veterans have talents and skills that they can offer our students,” he said.
他说：“我们知道，我们的退伍军人拥有他们可以提供给我们的学生的才能和技能。”
“This new opportunity expands Florida’s existing programs that help our veterans take their talents to our schools, and it will help Florida remain a national leader in education.”
“这个新机会扩大了佛罗里达州现有的项目，这些项目帮助我们的退伍军人将他们的才能带到我们的学校，它将帮助佛罗里达州在教育方面保持全国领先地位。”
In Arizona, a new law permits people to become teachers without college degrees as long as they are attending college and supervised by a certified teacher.
在亚利桑那州，一项新法律允许没有大学学位的人成为教师，前提是他们正在上大学并由认证教师监督。
“There is an urgent need for teachers in Arizona,” said Republican state Senator Rick Gray who introduced the bill.
提出该法案的共和党州参议员里克·格雷说：“亚利桑那州急需教师。”
The law will “open the door to future educators and prepare them to be in the classroom.”
这项法律将“为未来的教育工作者打开大门，让他们做好进入课堂的准备。”
But education experts say these new policies damage teaching as a profession and hurt students.
但教育专家表示，这些新政策损害了教师这一职业，伤害了学生。
Jacqueline Rodriguez is a vice president at the American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education.
杰奎琳·罗德里格斯是美国教师教育学院协会的副主席。
She said in an interview with K-12 Dive that the Arizona law harms students by having an “unprepared person” lead the classroom.
她在接受K-12 Dive的采访时说，亚利桑那州的这项法律伤害了学生，因为它让一个“毫无准备的人”来领导课堂。
She added that those who are unprepared to teach will not be successful and less likely to stay in the position.
她还说，那些没有做好教书准备的人不会成功，也不太可能会留在这个职位上。
Christopher Morphew is head of the Johns Hopkins University School of Education in Baltimore, Maryland.
克里斯托弗·墨菲是马里兰州巴尔的摩市约翰斯·霍普金斯大学教育学院的负责人。
He said teacher shortages could be addressed with better pay and working conditions for teachers.
他说，教师短缺问题可以通过提高教师工资和改善教师工作条件来解决。
“I don't think you can ask people to take out $50,000 in loans to pay for teacher education programs at universities and then teach for $40,000 a year,” he said.
他说：“我认为，你不能要求人们贷款5万美元来支付大学教师教育项目的费用，然后再以4万美元的年薪让教师教书。”
A new study by the Economic Policy Institute (EPI) found that teaching earns far less than other professions that require similar college degrees.
经济政策研究所的一项新研究发现，教师的收入远远低于其他需要类似大学学位的职业。
In 2021, teachers were paid 23.5 percent less than people with similar degrees, EPI found.
经济政策研究所发现，2021年，教师的工资比类似学历的人低23.5%。
U.S. Education Secretary Miguel Cardona said lowering standards for teachers is “unfortunate” in an interview with CBS.
美国教育部长米格尔·卡多纳在接受哥伦比亚广播公司采访时表示，降低教师标准是“不幸的”。
“Unless we’re serious about providing competitive salaries for our educators, better working conditions, so that they can continue to grow ... we’re going to constantly deal with shortage issues, especially in our areas that are harder to teach or where there are less candidates,” he said.
“除非我们真的想为我们的教育工作者提供有竞争力的工资，更好的工作条件，这样他们就能继续壮大……我们将会不断处理教师短缺问题，尤其是在那些更难教学或候选人较少的领域。”
I’m Dan Novak.
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