(单词翻译:单击)
听力文本
US Schools Consider New Methods for Dealing with Active Shooters
Americans are remembering students who died in recent weeks while trying to stop gunmen at two schools in the United States. Some people have praised the students for their actions, calling them heroic.
Their actions demonstrate growing public support for guiding students on what they can do, in some situations, to stop armed attackers. Experts say educators should offer teachers and students as many choices as possible for how to deal with an active shooter - including fighting back.
On April 30, a gunman opened fire at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. The university sent students messages on their phones that read "Run, Hide, Fight."
Riley Howell chose to fight. He lost his life trying to stop the shooter. The local police chief described the 21-year-old student as "the first and foremost hero." He said if Howell had not tackled the gunman, more students could have died. Along with Howell, one other student died in the attack.
Nine days later, Kendrick Castillo was killed trying to stop a gunman who had entered the STEM School Highlands Ranch in Colorado.
The school sits less than 15 kilometers from Columbine High School. That is where, 20 years ago, two gunmen killed 12 students and a teacher.
Like Howell, the 18-year-old Castillo was described as a hero whose actions helped save lives.
The STEM school uses a "Locks, Lights, Out of Sight" method for dealing with active shooters. A school official would not say whether the school had ever suggested students fight back against an active shooter.
But student Brendan Bialy had thought about it on his own. And, on May 8, he joined Castillo in diving toward the gunman and taking the gun away. Bialy, who is also 18, survived the shooting.
The next day, he told reporters, "I don't like the idea of running and hiding...Somebody like that, I'm going to fight them there."
There always have been students willing to take action, notes Greg Crane. He founded a for-profit group called the ALICE Institute. The name ALICE is short for Alert, Lockdown, Inform, Counter, Evacuate.
Crane says he created the institute in 2001 based on what had already been done by students who brought down shooters themselves.
Crane said many people have a "warrior mindset, a hero mindset." He noted the importance of providing information and training so that, in Crane's words, "when they are the first one to stand up and start moving to do something, maybe they're not alone."
The institute's training has been offered to educators from over 5,000 public school districts, Crane said. Often, police officers lead the training programs. Crane said the program does not teach ways of fighting back. Instead, it advises people to make noise, create disorder and confuse the attacker.
In the state of Maryland, Baltimore County Public Schools started offering ALICE this year.
If a shooter gets too close, students are told to find any object they can and throw it at the attacker. Students also should shout and make other loud noises. The idea is to create enough disorder to escape.
Young children are told not to make physical contact with the attacker. But teachers and older students have that choice, said George Roberts, the head of Baltimore County Public Schools.
Roberts said, "The adults are trained how to grab the arms, grab the legs" and get control of the attacker until police arrive.
"This more active response provides a level of choice," Roberts added.
Roberts was principal at Maryland's Perry Hall High School in 2012, when a student brought a gun into the meal room and wounded another student.
Karen Shepard has several children and grandchildren. Their Athens, Pennsylvania, school district adopted ALICE training this year. Shepard says she wants the children to know not to gather in just one part of the classroom if a gunman enters the room.
"They should barricade, they should have something in their hands," Shepard said. "At least they'd have a fighting chance."
It is not an easy discussion to have with students at any age, said Joseph Eradi. He was school superintendent in Newtown, Connecticut, after a gunman killed 26 people at an elementary school there.
Eradi said, "What we've learned over time is to provide staff and students with as many options as possible in the moment."
He added, "You never want to take that common sense element out."
I'm Ashley Thompson.
重点解析
重点讲解：
1. deal with 对付；应付；
When I worked in Florida I dealt with British people all the time.
在佛罗里达工作时，我总与英国人有生意往来。
2. along with 与......一起；伴随；
The baby's mother escaped from the fire along with two other children.
婴儿的母亲和另外两个孩子一起逃离了火海。
3. be described as 被描述成；被描写成；
The Italian might well be described as the world's greatest romanticist.
意大利人可以说是世界上最伟大的浪漫主义者。
4. over time 随着时间的推移；久而久之；
Over time, the technology is diffused and adopted by other countries.
一定要系好安全带，否则会摔出去。
参考译文
美国学校考虑采用新方法应对随机犯罪持枪者
美国人民正在缅怀，最近几周在美国两所学校试图阻止持枪歹徒而不幸身亡的学生。有些人赞扬这些学生的行为，称他们为英雄。
他们的做法表明，公众越来越多地支持指导学生在某些情况下，如何阻止持枪袭击者。专家称，教育工作者应该为教师和学生提供尽可能多的选择，以应对随机犯罪持枪者，包括如何反击。
4月30日，一名持枪者在夏洛特市的北卡罗来纳大学开枪。校方给学生们的手机都发送了信息，内容是“跑、藏、打”。
莱利·豪厄尔（Riley Howell）选择反击，他为阻止枪手而牺牲了生命。当地警察局长称这名21岁的学生是“第一位，也是最重要的英雄”。他说，如果豪厄尔没阻截枪手，可能会有更多学生身亡。另一名学生与豪厄尔一起，在袭击中丧生。
九天后，肯德里克·卡斯蒂略（Kendrick Castillo）在试图阻止一名进入科罗拉多州高原牧场STEM中学的持枪歹徒时被杀。
这所学校距离哥伦比亚高中不到15公里。20年前，两名枪手曾在那杀害12名学生和一名教师。
像豪厄尔一样，人们把18岁的卡斯蒂略描绘成一位英雄，他的行为帮助拯救了他人的生命。
STEM中学使用“锁、灯、回避”的方法来对付随机犯罪持枪者。一位校方官员不愿透露，学校是否曾建议学生对抗并还击枪手。
但学生布伦丹·比亚利（Brendan Bialy）自己曾考虑过这个问题。5月8日，他和卡斯蒂略一起冲向枪手，把枪夺走。18岁的比亚利，在枪击中幸存下来。
他在第二天告诉记者：“我不喜欢逃跑和躲藏......有的人喜欢这种方法，但我要和他们决斗。”
格雷格·克莱恩指出，总有些学生愿意采取行动。他成立了一个名为ALICE研究所（ALICE Institute）的营利组织。ALICE是警觉、封锁、告知、反击、撤离，五个英文单词首写字母的缩写。
克莱恩说，他在2001年基于制服枪手的学生们的行为创建了这个研究所。
他表示，很多人都拥有“战士心态、英雄心态”。他指出提供信息和培训的重要性，用克莱恩的话说，“当他们第一个站起来开始行动时，也许他们并不是孤军奋战。”
克莱恩说，该研究所已经向5000多个公立学区的教育工作者提供培训。通常，由警方引领进行培训。该项目并不教授反击的方法，而是建议人们发出噪音、制造混乱、迷惑袭击者。
在马里兰州，巴尔的摩县公立学校今年开始提供ALICE项目培训。
如果枪手离得太近，培训者会告诉学生们寻找他们能找到的任何物体，然后把它扔向袭击者。学生们也应该大声喊叫，并发出其他响声。这样做是为了制造足够的混乱，以便逃脱。
年幼的孩子们会被告知不要与袭击者发生身体接触。但是，巴尔的摩县公立学校的校长乔治·罗伯茨表示，教师和年长的学生可以选择这么做。
他说，“成年人接受过如何抓住手臂和腿部的训练”，能够在警方赶到前控制袭击者。
他还补充说：“这种更积极的应对措施提供了一种选择。”
2012年，罗伯茨是马里兰州佩里·霍尔高中的校长。当时，一名学生持枪进入餐厅，打伤另一名学生。
凯伦·谢泼德有几个孩子和孙子。他们所在宾夕法尼亚州雅典自治镇学区，今年采纳了ALICE培训项目。谢泼德说，她希望孩子们知道如果枪手进入教室，不要聚集在教室的某个地方。
“他们应该设置障碍，手里应该配有装备。至少他们有对抗的机会。”
约瑟夫·埃拉迪说，与任何年龄的学生讨论这些事都很难。他曾是康涅狄格州纽敦市的学区负责人，在他出任此职务前，一名枪手在学区的一所小学内杀死26人。
埃拉迪说：“随着时间的推移，我们学到的是为员工和学生提供尽可能多的选择。”
他补充道：“你永远不会想把那样的常识性元素删除。”
阿什利·汤普森报道。
译文为可可英语翻译，未经授权请勿转载！
