(单词翻译:单击)
听力文本
Transgender College Students More Likely to Struggle with Mental Health
As growing numbers of young people report struggling with mental health issues, colleges and universities across the United States are working to meet their students' needs.
But a new study suggests that one group of students is facing these issues more than any other: transgender students. And some experts worry that many schools may not be doing enough to meet their needs.
Transgender people are people who no longer identify with their sex from birth. They feel they are really members of the opposite sex. Many often change their name, appearance and even undergo medical treatments to help match, or keep up with, the way they feel.
In 2016, about 1.4 million Americans identified themselves as transgender. That number comes from the Williams Institute at the University of California Los Angeles' School of Law.
Earlier research has shown a growing number of U.S. college students have reported depression, anxiety or other mental health issues in recent years. This latest study attempts to examine the specific problems transgender students face. The findings were published last month in The American Journal of Preventative Medicine.
Researchers looked at information from an internet-based survey called the Healthy Minds Study. It involved 65,000 adults who studied at 71 U.S. colleges and universities between 2015 and 2017. All of them were questioned about their mental health.
Out of that group, about 1,200 students reported having an alternate gender identity, meaning they do not identify with their birth sex. The researchers found that almost 80 percent of those students reported dealing with at least one mental health issue. For comparison purposes, 45 percent of cisgender students -- those who identified as their birth sex -- reported having a mental health issue.
Sarah Ketchen Lipson is an assistant professor at the Boston University School of Public Health. She was one of the lead researchers for the Healthy Minds Study. She also helped to prepare the report on transgender students.
Lipson argues one troubling thing about the findings is not just that transgender students were more likely to face mental health issues than other students. Transgender students also were more likely to face every single kind of mental issue raised in the study, especially thoughts of suicide and attempting suicide.
There are many reasons for this, she says. Some causes of mental health problems can affect transgender students long before they ever go to college. For example, there are higher rates of family abandonment and homelessness, notes Lipson.
Once they do enter college, transgender students still face difficulties that may not be as clear to cisgender people, she says. Many U.S. colleges and universities are at least somewhat supportive of gay and lesbian students. But there still barriers to transgender students feeling fully accepted.
This includes the fact that many schools force students to use their birth name or gender pronoun and make changing this information on school records difficult. Restrooms are meant only to be used by people of a specific sex. And while schools may have policies to prevent discrimination against gay or lesbian students, their policies often fail to identify transgender individuals. Lipson suggests that all of these seemingly minor issues can intensify existing mental health problems, if not create new ones.
The report's findings do not surprise Shane Windemeyer. He is the executive director of Campus Pride, one of the largest organizations supporting lesbian, gay and transgender college students in the United States.
Windemeyer notes while most colleges and universities employ trained specialists to support different minority groups, that is not the case for trans students.
"Trans folks are not even visible on many college campuses," he says. "They are not seen as a population to serve, still on many campuses."
Windemeyer adds that dealing with all of these mental health issues makes higher education seem much harder for these young people. Mental health problems make success in their studies that much harder, he says. What is worse, most schools do not even give students the choice to report their chosen sexual identity on official documents. So administrators have no way of knowing how well or how poorly they are serving transgender students, he says.
Windemeyer argues that to know how to better help such students, school officials must be open to understanding their needs. This comes through a willingness to make changes, when needed. But he and Lipson agree that it also comes from being better informed.
Schools must employ physical and mental health experts who understand the issues transgender students face. But they also must teach cisgender students, professors and employees to be accepting of and communicate with trans students in ways that make them feel welcome.
"Allyship requires education," said Lipson. "It requires knowledge. It's not enough to be well-intentioned."
I'm Alice Bryant. And I'm Pete Musto.
重点解析
重点讲解：
1. identify with 认同；相同于；
She would only play a role if she could identify with the character.
他们站在小山之巅，饱览这花园城市的美景。
2. keep up with 跟上；赶上；
Penny tended to work through her lunch hour in an effort to keep up with her work.
为了把活儿干完，彭妮常常午饭时间也要工作。
3. fail to 不能；使......失望；
Some schools fail to set any homework.
有些学校没有布置任何作业。
4. communicate with 与......交流；沟通；
Group members have to communicate with each other through role-play.
小组成员必须通过角色扮演互相交流。
参考译文
变性大学生更可能与心理健康抗争
随着越来越多的年轻人报告说他们在心理健康问题上举步维艰，美国各地的大学都在努力满足学生的需求。
但一项新的研究表明，一组学生比其他人都更面临这些问题：变性学生。一些专家担心，许多学校可能做得不够，无法满足变性学生的需求。
变性人是指从出生起就不再认同自己性别的人，他们觉得自己应该是相反的性别。许多人经常改变自己的名字、外貌，甚至接受医疗治疗，以帮助他们与自己的感觉相一致。
2016年，大约140万美国人自称是变性人。这个数字来自加州大学洛杉矶法学院威廉姆斯学院。
此前的研究显示，近年来，越来越多的美国大学生报告出现抑郁、焦虑或其他心理健康问题。这项最新研究试图探讨变性学生面临的各种具体问题。这项研究发现发表在上个月的《美国预防医学期刊》上。
研究人员查看了一项名为“健康心智研究”的网络调查的信息。2015年至2017年间，共有65000名成年人在71所美国高校学习，他们都接受了心理健康方面的调查。
在这一组中，约有1200名学生报告说他们拥有另一种性别身份，这意味着他们不认同自己的出生性别。研究人员发现，近80%的学生报告说他们至少应对过一种心理健康问题。为了进行比较，45%的原性别学生（即那些与出生性别相认同的学生）报告说他们患有心理健康问题。
莎拉·凯琴·利普森是波士顿大学公共卫生学院的助理教授，她是健康心智研究的主要研究者之一。她还帮助编写了有关变性学生的报告。
利普森认为，这项研究发现令人不安的一点，不仅是变性学生比其他学生更容易面临心理健康问题。他们也更容易面对研究中提出的各种心理问题，特别是自杀和企图自杀的想法。
她说，原因有很多。一些导致心理健康问题的原因会在跨性别学生上大学之前就影响他们。利普森指出，如在家庭遗弃率和无家可归方面比率比较高。
她说，一旦他们进入大学，跨性别学生仍然面临着一些困难，而这些困难对原性别学生来说可能并不那么明显。许多美国高校至少在一定程度上支持男女同性恋学生。但跨性别学生感到要想完全被接受，仍然存在着各种障碍。
这些障碍中包括许多学校强迫学生使用出生姓名或性别代词，使改变学校记录上的这些信息变得很困难。洗手间只供特定性别的人使用。虽然学校可能有防止歧视男女同性恋学生的政策，但他们的政策往往不涉及变性人。利普森认为，所有这些看似微不足道的问题，就算不引发新问题，也都可能加剧已经存在的心理健康问题。
这份报告的发现并不令谢恩·温德梅耶感到惊讶。他是校园之光（Campus Pride）组织的执行董事，该组织是美国支持同性恋和变性大学生的最大组织之一。
温德梅耶注意到，虽然大多数学院和大学雇佣经过培训的专家来支持不同的少数群体，但对于变性学生来说，情况并非如此。
他说：“在许多大学校园里，甚至看不到变性人。在许多校园里，他们仍然不被视为要为他们提供服务的群体。”
温德梅耶补充说，要应对所有这些心理健康问题，使这些年轻人似乎更难接受高等教育。他说，心理健康问题使他们在学习上更难取得成功。更糟糕的是，大多数学校甚至不允许学生在官方文件上报告他们选择的性身份。因此，管理者无法知道他们为变性学生提供服务的好坏程度。
温德梅耶认为，要知道如何更好地帮助这些学生，学校官员必须公开了解这些学生的需求。这是抱着愿意改变的心愿来实现的。但他和利普森也认为，这也来自于更好地了解情况。
学校必须聘请了解变性学生所面临问题的身心健康专家，但他们也必须教导原性别学生、教授和员工接受跨性别学生，并以让他们感到受欢迎的方式与他们交流。
“联盟需要教育，”利普森说。“它需要知识，光有善意是不够的。”
爱丽丝·布莱恩特和皮特·穆斯托报道。
译文为可可英语翻译，未经授权请勿转载！
