(单词翻译:单击)
听力文本
This is the VOA Learning English Education Report.
Many students say there is no easy way to write college papers. This may be especially true if English is not your first language. Most teachers agree that there is no single correct way to create a personal essay or research paper. But there are methods to help you structure your papers.
One way often used to structure writing is the traditional five-paragraph essay. Many students learn this form in middle and high school. The paragraphs follow conventions or established rules.
The first paragraph is introductory. It tells the reader what the paper is about. It is followed by three paragraphs containing evidence that support the writer's argument. The final paragraph is the conclusion. It provides a reasoned opinion based on the evidence.
Allison Cummings teaches English at Southern New Hampshire University. She is among many professors who find this form too simple for college work. Still, on the positive side, Ms. Cummings says the five-paragraph essay form teaches a student some tools for writing a paper.
She says the form teaches the need for the opening statement or thesis. This thesis tells the reader what will come next. In addition students who have learned to write a five-paragraph essay know they must provide evidence. And Ms. Cummings says the writer will know a conclusion is required.
But she also says the five-paragraph essay falls far short of college writing needs.
"Most of the subjects that students are asked to write about are going to involve more paragraphs, and more points and more complexities."
So if a traditional method for structuring a research paper does not work, what steps can help you structure your writing. Ms. Cummings' students learn several ways to organize their papers. The pace at which they learn differs.
Ms. Cummings says doing research for a paper helps some students in their writing. The teacher says noting the way the research is structured can help students organize their own writing.
"They will read articles and see what other people argue about whatever issues they are writing on and get a sense of what the points out there, what the debates are out there, and then let that structure what they come up with."
Allison Cummings offers sample outlines -- examples for organizing papers.
"If they want to use them, they are free to follow that kind of standard template."
Ms. Cummings also provides her students with examples of successful and unsuccessful student papers. That way her class can see what works in a piece of writing and what does not.
And that's the VOA Learning English Education Report. I'm Jerilyn Watson.
文本来自51voa，译文属可可原创，仅供学习交流使用，未经许可请勿转载。
词汇解释
1.introductory adj. 引导的，介绍的；开端的
The chairman made a few introductory remarks.
会议主席说了几句开场白。
2.paragraph n. 段落；短评；段落符号 vt. 将…分段
The length of a paragraph depends on the information it conveys.
段落的长度取决于它传达的信息。
3.template n. 模板，样板
Trace around your template and transfer the design onto a sheet of card.
沿着模板描摹，把设计图案描到一张薄纸板上。
内容解析
1.They will read articles and see what other people argue about whatever issues they are writing on and get a sense of what the points out there, what the debates are out there, and then let that structure what they come up with.
come up with 提出；想出；赶上
We weren't able to come up with any new suggestions.
我们提不出任何新建议。
You would take things as they came. All you had to do was think a little harder and come up with a new solution.
既来之, 则安之， 你必须多动脑子， 想出个新的解决方法来。
参考译文
这里是美国之音慢速英语教育报道。
很多学生说写大学论文没有诀窍，这句话非常正确，尤其是在英语不是母语的情况下。大多数老师都认为，写个人论文或研究论文没有唯一正确的方法，但有些方法可以帮助你来组织论文。
组织论文的常用办法是传统的五段式论文，很多学生在中学和高中学过这种格式，其段落要遵从一些成规。
第一段是引论，告诉读者文章的主题，然后的三段提供能支持作者论点的论据，最后一段是结论，这一段基于证据提出合理的论点。
艾莉森·卡明斯在新罕布什尔南方大学教英语，她和很多教授都认为这种格式对大学作业来说过于简单。不过，卡明斯说从积极的角度来看，五段式文章能教给学生写论文的方法。
她说这种格式需要学生开篇点题，这种论文告诉读者下面是什么内容。另外，学会五段式的学生知道他们必须提供证据，卡明斯说作者知道结论也是必须的。
不过她说五段式文章无法满足大学论文要求。
“大多数学生都被要求写更多段落、更多论点和更复杂的东西。”
所以如果传统写研究论文的方法不奏效的话，你该怎么组织论文呢？卡明斯的学生们学习了写论文的几种办法，不过他们学习的节奏不同。
卡明斯说为论文做研究工作有助于提高学生的写作，她说指明研究的结构能帮助学生组织其自己的写作。
“他们在读文章过程中看别人是如何写各种文章的，如何自圆其说，如何进行辩论，然后组织成结构。”
艾莉森·卡明斯还提供了大纲模版，也就是写论文的模版。
“如果他们想使用这些模版，尽可模仿这样的标准格式。”
卡明斯还给学生提供了学生论文成功和失败的案例，这样她的学生们就能明白怎样写文章有效，怎样是错误的。
这就是美国之音慢速英语教育报道，我是杰瑞林·沃森。
