(单词翻译:单击)
听力文本
Now, the VOA Learning English program Words and Their Stories.
On this program we explain the origin and usage of common phrases and expressions in American English.
Popular culture has a strong influence on language. The expressions that come from movies and television shows can be especially powerful.
When we use expressions that come from a movie or television experience shared by others, it can create a feeling of closeness with them. If someone says a line from one of your favorite movies, it is kind of like you both belong to the same club.
Some of these pop culture expressions have become so common that you might not even know the shows they come from. But you can still use them!
English has many phrases that have found their way into common usage. Today we talk about a water-based phrase and useful adjectives that relate to it.
If I say to you, just keep swimming, I am quoting a fish -- a really famous fish.
In the movie Finding Nemo, Dory is a friendly, helpful, optimistic fish. She becomes friends with Marlin, a clown fish who has just lost his only son.
Dory offers to help Marlin find Nemo. (Actually she does not take "no" for an answer.) The search is very difficult. Along the way, they face bloodthirsty, confused vegetarian sharks; bloodthirsty, but very clear-headed pelicans and dentists!
Every time Marlin feels like giving up Dory says to him, "Just keep swimming. Just keep swimming."
DORY: When life gets you down, you know what you got to (gotta) do?
MARLIN: I don't want to know what you got to (gotta) do.
DORY: Just keep swimming. Just keep swimming. Just keep swimming, swimming, swimming. What do we do? We swim, swim.
MARLIN: Dory, no singing.
With these words, Dory is telling her friend that he should not give up. He should keep looking for his son.
At some point, we all face a difficult situation. We may feel frightened, sad or just overwhelmed. And we may want to give up. But then a friend says, "Just keep swimming," and it gives us the hope we need to reach our goal – to finish strong.
The expression may come from a children's film, but its meaning is not childish. And even if someone has not seen the film Finding Nemo, they most likely will know what you mean when you say it.
If you keep swimming you will not drown. Another expression, to keep your head above water, expresses a similar message. Don't drown. Take action to survive, even if that is all you can do.
English has some great adjectives to describe people and things that do not give up.
One is resilient. Resilient people do not give up in the face of adversity. "Resilient" can refer to things, also. For example, a tree that keeps growing even after lightning strikes it, could be called a resilient tree.
Another adjective to describe someone who will not give up is indefatigable. Now, it does have six syllables. So, you may need to practice saying it. I know I did. A lot. Just remember that the stress is on the third syllable: in-de-FA-ti-ga-ble.
So, would I say "just keep swimming" in a very serious situation or to a very serious co-worker who I don't know well? Probably not. But we do have other words of encouragement. You can say "Hang in there!" "You can do it!" or "Don't give up!"
When we use expressions or phrases from movies or television shows, it is a way of sharing culture with another.
And that's it for Words and Their Stories! I'm Anna Matteo.
重点解析
1.common usage 普通用法；共同使用；习惯用语
Ask in retort are a common usage in Chinese, it also requires students to understand correctly and to use appropriately in communication.
反诘是汉语的一种常见用法，也要求留学生能正确理解并能在交际中得体运用。
2.at some point 在某一时刻;在某个时刻;某种意义上说;在某些时候;在某个时候
At some point kids start doing things they didn't use to do. They get more independent
从某个时候起，孩子们开始做以前不曾做的事情。他们变得更加独立。
3.give up 放弃；断绝；投降；自首
His wife got seriously ill, in which case he get to give up the time of go abroad.
他的妻子病得很重，在这种情况下，他不可不放弃留洋的机会。
参考译文
现在是VOA学英语《词汇掌故》节目时间。
在节目中，我们会解释美式英语里的常见短语和表达的来源和用法。
流行文化（popular culture）会对语言产生强烈影响。源自电影和电视节目的表达的影响力尤为强大。
当我们使用出自影视或者别人分享给我们的电视体验的表达时，它能创建你们之间的一种亲密关系。如果某人说了你最喜欢的一部电影里的台词，这就有点像你们都属于同一个俱乐部。
其中一些流行文化表达已经变得太常见，你也许甚至都不知道它们出自哪个节目，但你依然可以使用这些表达！
英语里有许多短语已经融入习惯用语（common usage）。今天我们来聊一个以水为背景的短语以及与这个短语相关的有用形容词。
如果我对你说，“继续前行（just keep swimming）”，那我是在引用一条鱼的话，一条非常有名的鱼。
在电影《海底总动员（Finding Nemo）》中，多莉是一条友善、乐于助人、乐观向上的鱼。她和马林成了朋友，马林是一条刚丢了独子的小丑鱼。
多莉主动帮助马林寻找尼莫。（实际上她没有接受马林拒绝帮忙的回复。）搜寻工作进展维艰。一路上，他们遇到了嗜血且迷茫的素食鲨鱼、暴力却十分明白事理的鹈鹕和牙医！
每次马林想放弃的时候，多莉就对他说：“一直不停游下去。继续游吧。”
多莉：当人生陷入低谷的时候，你知道要怎么做吗？
马林：我不想知道你要怎么做。
多莉：只要继续前行。只要不停游下去。继续游，游啊游。我们要怎么做？游啊游。
马林：多莉，不要唱了。
多莉说这些是在告诉她的朋友，他不应该放弃。他应该继续寻找他的儿子。
我们都会在某些时刻面临困难局面。我们也许会感到害怕、悲观或者只是不知所措。然后我们也许想要放弃。但这个时候有个朋友说：“继续前行吧，”这句话给了我们达成目标的希望——坚强走下去。
这个表达也许出自一部儿童影片，但是这部电影的立意却并不幼稚。当你说这个表达的时候，即使是没看过电影《海底总动员》的人，他们也很可能会懂得你所表达的意思。
“如果你继续游，你就不会淹死（If you keep swimming you will not drown）”。另一个表达“to keep your head above water（保持头部露出水面/保持头脑清醒）”和这个表达的意思相近。不要被淹死，采取行动求生，即使那就是你能做的所有事情。
英语里有一些绝佳的形容词来形容不放弃的人和事物。
其中一个就是“resilient（有韧性的）”。有韧劲的人遇到困难不会放弃。“resilient”也可以用来形容某事物。例如，一棵即使被雷电击中却仍然还在生长的树，可以被称为“一棵有韧劲的树”。
另一个用来形容不放弃的人的形容词是“indefatigable（不屈不挠）”。这个词有六个音节。因此，你也许需要练习它的拼读。我是练习过的。练习了很多次。只要记住重音在第三个音节上：“in-de-'fa-ti-ɡa-ble。”
那么，我会在一个非常严肃的场合或者对一个我不怎么熟的非常严肃的同事说“只要不停游下去”吗？大概不会。但是我们有其他表示“鼓励”的词。你可以说：“Hang in there（坚持下去）！”、“You can do it（你能做到的）！”或者“Don't give up（不要放弃）！”
当我们使用出自影视或者电视节目的表达时，这同时也是一种同他人分享文化的方式。
这就是本期的《词汇掌故》！我是安娜·马特奥。
