(单词翻译:单击)
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Now, the VOA Special English program WORDS AND THEIR STORIES.
A nickname is a shortened version of a person's name. A nickname also can describe a person, place or thing. Many American cities have interesting nicknames. These can help establish an identity, spread pride among citizens and build unity.
(Frank Sinatra - "Chicago")
Chicago, Illinois was once the second largest city in the United States. So, one of its nicknames is The Second City. Over the years, the population of Chicago has decreased. Today it is the third largest American city.
However, another nickname for Chicago is still true today. It is The Windy City. Chicago sits next to Lake Michigan, one of North America's Great Lakes. Language expert Barry Popick says on his web site that Chicago was called a "windy city" because of the wind that blows off of Lake Michigan. In the eighteen sixties and seventies, Chicago was advertised as an ideal place to visit in the summer because of this cool wind.
But anyone who has ever lived in Chicago knows how cold that wind can be in winter. The wind travels down the streets between tall buildings in the center of the city.
Barry Popick says other cities in the central United States called Chicago a "windy city." This meant that people in Chicago liked to brag or talk about how great their city was. They were full of wind or full of hot air. He says newspapers in Cincinnati, Ohio used this expression in the eighteen seventies.
Chicago was an important agricultural, industrial and transportation center for the country.
In nineteen sixteen, the city gained two more nicknames from a poem called "Chicago," written by Carl Sandburg. Here is the first part of the poem:
Hog Butcher for the World,
Tool Maker, Stacker of Wheat,
Player with Railroads and the Nation’s Freight Handler;
Stormy, husky, brawling,
City of the Big Shoulders.
Chicago was called Hog Butcher for the World because of its huge meat-processing industry. And, it was called The City of the Big Shoulders or City of Broad Shoulders because of its importance to the nation.
There are several songs about Chicago. "My Kind of Town" was made popular by Frank Sinatra in nineteen sixty-four.
This program was written by Shelley Gollust. I'm Faith Lapidus. You can find more WORDS AND THEIR STORIES at our website,www.kekenet.com.
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参考译文
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现在是VOA慢速英语词语典故节目。
Frank Sinatra演唱歌曲“芝加哥”
别名是一个人名字的缩写形式，也可以是一个人、地方或物品的描述性名称。许多美国城市都有有趣的别名，这样可以帮助创建一个城市的风格，在市民间传播自豪感，建立团结。
伊利诺伊州的芝加哥曾经是美国第二大城市。所以，芝加哥的一个别名就是“第二城”。多年来，芝加哥的人口不断减少。今天，芝加哥变成了美国第三大城市。
然而，芝加哥的另一个别名今天仍名副其实。这个别名就是“风城”。芝加哥坐落在北美五大湖之一的密歇根湖畔。语言学家Barry Popick在他的网站上表示，芝加哥之所以被称为“风城”是因为从密歇根湖吹来的风。在十九世纪六七十年代，芝加哥曾宣扬其清爽的凉风是夏日避暑的理想场所。
但是曾经在芝加哥居住过的人都知道那里的冬季有多么寒冷。冷风在市中心高楼建筑之间的街道呼啸而过。
Barry Popick表示，美国中部其他城市称芝加哥为“浮夸之城”。意思是说芝加哥人喜欢吹嘘或谈论芝加哥有多了不起，空话连篇，夸夸其谈。他说，俄亥俄州辛辛那提的报纸曾在19世纪70年代使用过这个说法。
芝加哥市是美国重要的农业，工业和交通中心。
1916年，芝加哥从卡尔·桑德堡创作的《芝加哥》一诗中又获得了两个别名。以下是这首诗的第一部分：
全世界的宰猪场，
工具场，积麦仓，
玩弄铁路的游戏师，国民经济的搬运大王；
风暴，破嗓，喧嚣，
臂力刚强的巨大肩膀。
由于其庞大的肉类加工行业，芝加哥被称为“世界屠猪城”。同时由于其对全国的重要性，又被叫做“巨肩之城”。
有几首歌是关于芝加哥的。1964年，Frank Sinatra演唱的"My Kind of Town"开始广泛流行。
Frank Sinatra演唱"My Kind of Town"
该栏目由Shelley Gollust编辑。我是Faith Lapidus。您可以登录我们的网站www.kekenet.com收听更多词语典故节目。
VOA英文文本来自51voa，译文属可可原创，仅供学习交流使用，未经许可请勿转载
知识拓展
芝加哥（Chicago）位于美国东北部，属伊利诺伊州，东临密歇根湖。，是美国仅次于纽约市和洛杉矶的第三大城市。芝加哥地处北美大陆的中心地带，为美国最重要的铁路、航空枢纽。芝加哥同时也是美国最为重要的金融、文化、制造业、期货和商品交易中心之一。逐渐成为具有在世界重大影响力的大都市之一。芝加哥常见的别名包括：“第二城”，“风城”，“芝城”等。芝加哥也是全球最重要的一个金融中心，是美国第二大商业中心区。也是美国最大的期货市场。也被评为美国发展最均衡的经济体。此外，芝加哥都市区新增的企业数一直位居美国第一位。
