VOA慢速英语(翻译+字幕+讲解):中国放宽生育政策:允许"三孩"
日期:2021-06-02 13:25

(单词翻译:单击)

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听力文本

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China Raises Child Limit to 3 as Birth Rate Drops

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China's government has raised the child limit for couples from two to three as the country experiences lower birth rates.

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For many years, China enforced a one-child policy as a way to control the population. But that policy was replaced in 2016 with a two-child limit. That change was aimed at raising the number of births as the country faced a fast aging population.

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But birth rates have further decreased in recent years as the cost of raising children in Chinese cities remains high.

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The latest measure to permit three children per family is meant "to actively deal with the aging population," the official Xinhua News Agency reported. The decision came during a ruling Communist Party meeting led by President Xi Jinping, it said.

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The policy includes what the government calls "supportive measures" to make it easier for families to have more children. The measures include plans to lower educational costs for families and increase tax and housing support. The government also said it would seek to educate young people "on marriage and love."

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中国开放生育政策.jpg

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Recent data showed that China's fertility rate -- the average number of births per mother -- was 1.3 in 2020. That rate – which is similar to aging nations like Japan and Italy – is well short of the 2.1 needed to replace the population.

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Yifei Li is a sociologist at New York University Shanghai. She told Reuters that most families did not hold back on having children in recent years because of the government's two-child policy. Instead, she said they held off because of "the incredibly high costs of raising children in today's China."

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Zhang Xinyu is a 30-year-old mother of one from Zhengzhou in northeastern China. She said another problem was that women carried most of the responsibility for raising children.

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She added, "I don't want to have a second child. And a third is even more impossible."

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Economists say that China, along with Thailand and some other Asian economies, faces concerns that it could grow old before it gets wealthy.

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The Chinese population of 1.4 billion was already expected to reach a high later this decade before starting to drop. But recent government data suggested that is happening faster than expected. Experts say this adds to pressures on underfinanced retirement and health systems and cuts the number of future workers available to support a growing retiree group.

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The share of China's working-age people 15 to 59 fell to 63.3 percent last year from 70 percent a decade earlier. The group aged 65 and older grew to 13.5 percent from nearly 9 percent. The country's reported 12 million births last year was down nearly one-fifth from 2019.

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Chinese researchers and the Labor Ministry say the share of working-age people might fall to half the population by 2050. That increases the "dependency ratio," the number of retirees who depend on each worker to pay into retirement programs and to pay taxes for health and other public services.

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Party leaders at the meeting also agreed on the need to start delaying retirement ages for citizens, Xinhua reported, without providing details. The government has been debating changes in the current retirement ages of 60 for men, 55 for professional female workers and 50 for blue-collar females.

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I'm Bryan Lynn.

重点解析

重点讲解:
1. birth rate 出生率

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America's birth rate fell to a record low last year.

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美国去年的出生率降到了创纪录的最低点N&e-V6AMoVHBMII8GA

2. depend on 取决于;依赖

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He was the sort of person you could depend on.

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他这个人你是可以信赖的9B1@_6@R*CoM7a!1^*B

3. hold off 拖延

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Could you hold off making your decision for a few days?

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你能推迟几天再作决定吗

4. hold back 隐瞒;退缩;抑制

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The police had to use force to hold back the crowd.

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警察不得不用武力阻止人群bc|MYEa&2LX03Y

参考译文

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中国放宽生育政策:允许“三孩”

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随着出生率降低,中国政府已经将夫妇生育限制从二孩放宽至三孩-%VMRd[jj22j&(Vl.*hL

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多年来,中国一直实行独生子女政策作为控制人口的一种方式WWzXnc*p]~kVB&sP。但是该政策在2016年被二孩政策取而代之M(YN9LC#&BR54k~ZT。由于面临人口快速老龄化的情况,这一政策旨在提高出生人口数量4&stX0NyKA!fdt5

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但是,近年来由于中国城市养育孩子的成本居高不下,出生率进一步下降;cCz|o]Ot-(0UHOYu;8

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中国官方媒体新华社报道称,允许每户家庭生育“三孩”的最新措施是为了“积极应对人口老龄化”7UGQbo&oR[f。报道称,这一决定是在中国国家主席习近平主持的一次中共中央政治局会议上做出的4S51;=Oq[DAK25pv

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该政策包括政府所谓的“配套相关措施”,减轻家庭养育更多孩子的压力wD981YioLG。这些措施包括降低家庭教育成本以及加强税收和住房支持等计划CWKGuOGrJbSzO91Qdp2f。政府还表示,将寻求对年轻群体进行“婚恋观”教育En#E32@NIY6koLP_9

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最新数据显示,2020年中国生育率,及每名母亲的平均生育率为1.3CjP](X_E[hG6+2tXGvZp。这一数据跟日本和意大利等老龄化国家接近,远低于人口更替所需的2.1的生育率n45IsQdlYaX,ZP*DHstZ

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李逸飞(Yifei Li)是上海纽约大学的社会学家zT[@wwdbVczYh;8(bsN。她对路透社表示,近年来大多数家庭并不是因政府的二孩政策而限制生育6M3UzFi!),Qo。相反,她指出,年轻人之所以不生育,是因为如今在中国养育孩子的高成本令人咂舌G85_lgOyPtPNAEY@8

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30岁的张欣语(音译)是中国郑州市一位已育女性*T4I9I~[xZ。她说,另一个问题是女性承担了抚养孩子的大部分责任Vw4#A|5RKCm+8)t

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她还表示:“我连二胎都不想生,更何况是三胎了ObTO.sSIBgpsN5)p。”

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经济学家表示,中国和泰国以及一些亚洲经济体都面临着未富先老的担忧+9])cIAP^tWUXo

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原本预计中国14亿人口将在本世纪二十年代末期达到顶峰,然后开始下降),+)qLx@@Wav~。但是政府最新数据表明,这种情况发生的速度超出了预期Vh+%9@;RiMCModqNCfMw。专家表示,这加大了养老和医疗系统资金紧张的压力,并减少了未来可用于支撑不断增长的退休群体的劳动者的数量+,CV~e&c-&

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中国15至59岁劳动人口的比例从10年前的70%降至去年的63.3%bZRkHO]~gutFIT02)Wx。65岁及以上群体从近9%增长到13.5%PvwqbKdnE.bQY#[ly@3P。中国去年报告的出生人数为1200万,较2019年下降了近五分之一vbV6lW-;a)M

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中国研究人员和中国人力资源和社会保障部表示,到2050年,适龄劳动人口比例可能会降至总人口的一半l+R&7=r67;%)(6o。这将增加抚养比,即依靠每个劳动者缴纳养老和医疗以及其它公共服务的退休人员人数9+#E5FJpiEnsu)(P#

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据新华社报道,与会党领导人还同意有必要开始推迟公民退休年龄,但是并未透露细节C[A#=G!~wP^Vl-O。政府一直在讨论修改现行的男性60周岁,女干部55周岁以及女职工50周岁退休的政策yTK,.#Cmb&

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译文为可可英语翻译,未经授权请勿转载!

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