(单词翻译:单击)
听力文本
Poor Diet Quality Tied to Frailty in Older Adults
A recent study suggests that a poor-quality diet may increase the chances of weakness in older people.
Researchers followed 2,154 older adults in the United States for four years. At the beginning of the study, the adults were between the ages of 70 and 81. Researchers placed each person into one of two groups – "robust" or "pre-frail." Those who did not appear to have any mental problems or issues with physical frailty were considered "robust." Those who only had one or two symptoms of frailty were called "pre-frail."
Two hundred seventy-seven of those who took part in the study became frail. Of the 1,020 who started out in robust condition, 629 either became frail or developed pre-frailty.
People in the study had to have at least three of five health issues to be considered frail. Those five issues were:
unintentional weight loss of more than 5% of their body weight in the past 12 months
weak or no hand strength
regular daytime tiredness
slow walking speed
and physical inactivity.
The researchers found that people with poor quality diets were almost two times as likely to become frail compared to those with high-quality diets. A medium-quality diet was linked to a 40 percent higher risk of frailty.
Researcher Linda Milou Hengeveld was the lead writer of the study. In an email, she told Reuters the researchers believed that protein intake might also be important to reduce frailty risk. She added that "sufficient protein intake is important to slow down the loss of muscle mass and strength that occurs with aging."
But that is not what the study found.
Lower vegetable protein intake was linked with a higher risk of "robust" people developing "pre-frailty." However, it did not appear to influence whether those people developed frailty. There was no meaningful difference in frailty risk based on total protein intake, animal protein intake or total calories in a person's diet.
The study was published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. It found that earlier research linked eating animal protein to a lower risk of frailty. But, it is possible the current study got different results because it examined protein based on the total amount eaten daily. Other studies looked at protein based on the percentage of total calories eaten.
One limitation of the study is that it depended on older people to correctly remember and report on their eating habits over the year before. The researchers noted that this might not provide a realistic report of how they ate.
Another issue is that it is impossible to know whether a poor diet might have caused frailty or if people started eating poorly after they became frail.
Kieran Reid is a scientist at the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University in Boston. He says following dietary suggestions may help older adults lower their risk of severe frailty.
U.S. dietary guidelines urge people to eat whole fruits, fresh vegetables, whole grains, low-fat milk and dairy products and protein from many sources. The guidelines also advise against eating foods that contain a lot of salt, saturated fat and sugar.
I'm Jonathan Evans.
重点解析
1.a lot of 大量的
I think a lot of people still underestimate him.
我觉得很多人仍然低估了他。
2.poor diet 不良饮食
Poor diet and excess smoking will seriously damage the health of your hair.
不合理饮食和过度吸烟会严重损害头发的健康。
3.animal protein 动物蛋白
He had never eaten green vegetables, animal protein, fish, eggs, cheese, or liver.
他从不吃蔬菜、动物蛋白、鱼、蛋、奶酪和肝。
4.based on 基于
Democracy is based on good will and mutual understanding.
民主建立在善意和相互理解的基础上。
5.At the beginning of the study, the adults were between the ages of 70 and 81.
At the beginning 开始
They uncovered the statue at the beginning of the ceremony.
仪式开始时，他们揭去了塑像的罩子。
At the beginning of liberation, the factory was an awful mess.
解放初，这个工厂是个烂摊子。
6.Two hundred seventy-seven of those who took part in the study became frail.
took part in 参加；参与
She took part in a BBC radio phone-in programme.
她参加了英国广播公司听众来电参与节目。
All the villagers, men and women, old and young, took part in the battle against the drought.
全村不论男女老幼，都参加了抗旱斗争。
参考译文
老年人虚弱与饮食质量有关
最近一项研究显示，低质量的饮食可能会增加老年人身体虚弱的概率。
研究人员对美国2154名老年人进行了为期四年的跟踪调查。在研究初期，受试者的年龄在70岁到81岁之间。研究人员将受试者分为两组——“健壮”组和“虚弱前期”组。那些看起来没有任何精神问题或体虚问题的人被划为“健壮”组。那些只有一到两种虚弱症状的人被称为“虚弱前期”。
参与研究的277人变得虚弱。在1020名健康状况良好的患者中，629人要么身体虚弱，要么发展成“虚弱早期”。
在五个健康问题中必须至少出现三项才能被称为“虚弱”。这五个问题是：
过去12个月内，非刻意减肥体重下降超过5%
虚弱或者手部没有力量
白天经常感到疲劳
走路速度慢
缺乏身体锻炼
研究人员发现，与高质量饮食的人相比，低质量饮食的人变得虚弱的可能性几乎是前者的两倍。中等质量的饮食会增加40%的虚弱的风险。
研究人员琳达·米卢·汗格威尔德（Linda Milou Hengeveld）是这项研究的主要作者。她在一封电子邮件中告诉路透社，研究人员相信蛋白质的摄入对于降低身体虚弱的风险也很重要。她补充说，“充足的蛋白质摄入对于减缓衰老过程中肌肉质量和力量的丧失是非常重要的。”
但研究发现并非如此。
植物蛋白质摄入量越低，“健壮”的人患上“虚弱前期”的风险就越大。然而，这似乎并不影响这些人是否会变得虚弱。基于一个人总蛋白摄入量、动物蛋白摄入量或饮食中的总热量计算，虚弱风险没有显著差异。
这项研究发表在《美国老年医学会杂志》上。研究发现，早期的研究将食用动物蛋白与较低的虚弱风险联系起来。但是，目前的研究可能得到了不同的结果，因为其根据每日饮食的总摄入量来检测蛋白质。其他研究则是基于饮食摄入的总热量百分比来研究蛋白质。
该研究的局限在于，其依赖于老年人正确地记忆和报告他们一年前的饮食习惯。研究人员指出，这可能无法提供关于他们如何进食的真实报告。
另一个问题是，是不良的饮食习惯导致了虚弱，还是在变得虚弱后就开始吃得很差，这一点无从得知。
基兰·里德（Kieran Reid）是波士顿塔夫茨大学美国农业部老年人类营养研究中心的科学家。他说，遵循饮食建议可以帮助老年人降低患严重衰弱的风险。
美国饮食指南呼吁人们食用全水果、新鲜蔬菜、全谷物、低脂牛奶、乳制品以及多种来源的蛋白质。
该指南还建议不要吃含有大量盐、饱和脂肪和糖的食物。
乔纳森·埃文斯为您播报。
译文为可可英语翻译，未经授权请勿转载！
