VOA慢速(翻译+字幕+讲解):石油价格下跌对各国造成不同影响
日期:2014-11-30 05:50

(单词翻译:单击)

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听力文本

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From VOA Learning English, this is the Economics Report.

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World oil prices have dropped by about 30 percent since June. That has helped many economies around the world. When people spend less on fuel, they can spend more on other goods. But lower oil prices also mean reduced profits for national oil companies. Privately-owned oil producers and companies that provide services to the oil industry are also affected.

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Increased American oil production is one reason for the drop in world oil prices. Hydraulic fracturing technology developed in the U.S. has made that increase possible. Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, is a process of pumping water and chemicals into the ground to force out natural gas and oil. It is often used to recover these fossil fuels from rock called shale.

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Jim Krane is an energy expert at the James Baker Institute for Public Policy at Rice University. He says oil produced from shale has changed the market.

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"The shale production that is entering the market and pushing other sources of supply that used to come to the U.S. away from the U.S. and they are trying to find markets for that."

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Mr. Krane says slowing economies in China and Europe have also reduced the demand for oil.

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In the past, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries would react to decreasing demand by cutting production. The twelve member states often cooperate to influence oil prices around the world. However, Jim Krane says members want to defend their share of the market and are unwilling to make production cuts.

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"They are willing to see prices drop for a little while to see if they could sweat some of these higher-cost producers out of the market."

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However, this could affect small oil producing companies in the U.S. These companies feel the effects of falling prices more sharply on their profit margin.

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"If you are a small company thinking about investing in putting in some new oil production, well, you might think twice if prices are down at $75 (a barrel)..."

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U.S. companies are not alone in feeling pressure from falling prices. Oil makes up 83 percent of Nigeria's exports and 70 percent of the nation's economy.

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Finance minister Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala recently announced measures the government would take to increase income. These include new taxes on costly goods and a six percent cut in government spending.

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India is increasingly dependent on oil imports. Lower oil prices have helped ease high inflation, which reached 10 percent last year. The government also has moved to cut back fuel price supports, or subsidies. The move has not affected the price people pay for fuel because of the sharp decrease in oil prices.

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In places like Houston, Texas, the oil industry is a major employer and economic driver. Economist Patrick Jankowski says lower oil prices have a clear dollar cost.

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"If you look at the production that we get in the state of Texas, we are producing 4.5 million more barrels a month than we were doing this time last year. Yet the value of our production in Texas has dropped by over a billion dollars a month."

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However, Mr. Jankowski believes the over-supply will slowly disappear.

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"By 2016, we will probably see production drop again, definitely by 2017. By then we will see prices go back up again."

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He says decreasing prices may make energy company leaders nervous, but most are prepared for it.

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And that's the Economics Report for VOA Learning English. I'm Mario Ritter.

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VOA慢速英文文本来自51VOA,译文由可可原创,未经许可请勿转载&*wyO^Njd1@AcG|L^Id-

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词汇学习

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1.pump v. 灌注,泵

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The fire-brigade pumped water out of the flooded house.
消防队将水从被淹的房子里抽出去k7NJ4jfMGp^f

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2.recover v. 找回,收回

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Police raided five houses in south-east London and recovered stolen goods...
警方突击搜查了伦敦东南区的5幢房屋,找到了失窃物品!JhFEyg|FKsoCQu_iU.O

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3.unwilling adj. 不愿意的,勉强的

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My continued and unwilling presence in the house would upset his nerves.
我勉强继续留在府中,会刺激他的神经=NB2V(nhP^kIVoe0e4

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4.sweat vt. 使排出

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5.increasingly adv. 越来越多地;日益

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He grew increasingly to rely on her.
他越来越依赖她了HXE,3fL-t3Nx.;n+Z+

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6.dependent adj. 依靠的;依赖的

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She had grown ever more peevishly dependent on him.
她脾气变得更坏,对他的依赖更重了a@S.eOo#pub9

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7.subsidy n. 补贴;津贴

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There were also pledges to soften the impact of the subsidy cuts on the poorer regions.
他们还承诺要减轻削减补贴给较贫困地区带来的影响,#l!rvjHaD@@MO2A

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8.definitely adv. 明确地;确切地;一定地

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We definitely wanted to salvage some pride for British tennis.
我们当然想为英国网球挽回一些尊严mQAa_26i|c~_K%ko!)

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内容解析

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1."If you are a small company thinking about investing in putting in some new oil production, well, you might think twice if prices are down at $75 (a barrel)..."

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think twice三思,反复考虑

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You must think twice before you take this step.
你在走这一步之前,应当三思)3cCwW~p9Ek+

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2.Oil makes up 83 percent of Nigeria's exports and 70 percent of the nation's economy.

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make up组成,构成

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Women officers make up 13 per cent of the police force...
女警占警力的13%tL291ie[yu@dvQS

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参考译文

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美国之音慢速学英语节目,这里是经济报道&8y[NeDpKo|

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自6月份以来,世界原油价格下降了大约30%*Cb[+76tl,TsM.7tg6K。这帮助了世界上许多经济体ofSzhgdn2U9=Nf^。当人们在燃料方面的花费减少时,他们可以增加在其他商品上的支出*TdrNTNUI4。但是石油价格下降也意味着国家石油公司收益减少FiQPWR,%qQ032hYHm。为石油行业提供服务的私营石油生产商和公司也受到了影响=MmgAskSY=kEa

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美国石油产量增加是世界石油价格下跌的其中一个原因wu+yfF^7er[F。美国开发的水力压裂技术使得石油产量增加A^AHiq;ug137VQL。水力压裂技术是指向地下泵入水和化学物质,迫使天然气和石油流出^tvKfDy%SL6uuC_.e。这种技术通常用于从页岩中提取石化燃料zdg+ujgE3OO*l%5wNv

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Jim Krane是赖斯大学詹姆斯·贝克公共政策研究所的专家|1S8S^7F)E420Fw!ud0。他表示,页岩中出产的石油改变了市场MLx2]W][xK,r1Dc)1~

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“页岩出产的石油正在进入市场,迫使以前来到美国的其他燃料供应来源离开美国,他们正在试图寻找市场cbvDYV6lduJI。”

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Krane表示,中国和欧洲经济发展速度放缓也减少了对石油的需求量Eq%9rFwc9ul5o3_

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过去,石油输出国组织会通过减少产量来回应需求的减少8ZMtrQxl3=Jf。12个成员国经常合作来影响全球石油价格Wqr-n-@Zb4[ZI_hK。然而,Jim Krane表示,成员国也想保卫自己的市场份额,不愿意减少产量_U_1Q*JhiS9r)v!UHg

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“他们愿意看到价格稍微下降一点,看看是否能将一些生产成本较高的生产商挤出市场=SNZ4[h82xSI。”

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然而,这会影响美国的小型石油生产公司tX,gU,-=MfD]I[TAH。价格下降给这些公司带来的边际收益影响更加严重5aW~,FhBB0.)2

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“如果你是一家小公司,正在考虑投资来提高产量,然而,如果价格下降到每桶75美元,你就会三思~9ww@%PPChjSZH9*,。”

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受到价格下跌压力的不仅仅是美国的公司(aH0aZP8TLW1@M+UY4%。石油占据尼日利亚出口量的83%,占据国民经济的70%&_8p=5v@)S#xBLte[_2Z

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财政部长Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala最近宣布了政府增加收入的措施,包括对奢侈品征税和政府支出削减6%Jv(Wd]Ia2v_

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印度对石油进口的依赖越来越大w|d!-e@*MhJjLi011G。石油价格下跌帮助缓解了高通胀率,去年的通胀率高达10%TLN]R25(jM=G。政府还采取措施减少了燃料价格支持或补助I[RtINq_gV5bM=Zk.。由于油价大幅下跌,此举并未影响人们购买燃料的价格x@QZhFU1,jBSE_Z=

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在得克萨斯的休斯顿等地,石油行业是最主要的雇主和经济推动者+K-^,,3)OH9MzV_Ax6。经济学家Patrick Jankowski表示,较低的石油价格造成了显著的经济损失OhPTz(WHcWrEXe4hx2sm

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“如果你看一下得克萨斯州的产量,我们每月的石油产量比去年同期增加了450万桶PS6Yv[FL4R。然而得克萨斯州产品的总价值每月却减少了超过10亿美元FZek)s&qABCd。”

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然而,Jankowski先生表示,供应过剩的情况将会缓慢消失vCn%.MZ[XU.2|gSgVK

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“到2016年,我们可能会再次发现石油产量下降,而到2017年石油产量肯定会下降;9NhaDZJ1Gn[。到那时,我们肯定会再次看到石油价格回升qW~C+-7Z-Y%)5g-[。”

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他表示,价格下跌或许会导致能源公司领导人有点紧张,但是大部分人已经为此做好了准备wA~o7qdMYL0q@(Jr52z&

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以上就是今天的美国之音慢速学英语经济报道cf&ojxNudt[0hlx。我是Mario RitterOaGHCVo_KQmfkz&le

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重点单词
  • reactvt. 作出反应 vi. 起反应,起作用,反攻
  • supplyn. 补给,供给,供应,贮备 vt. 补给,供给,提供,
  • sweatn. 汗,汗水 v. (使)出汗 n. (凝结在物
  • willingadj. 愿意的,心甘情愿的
  • salvagen. 海上救助,打捞,抢救 vt. 海上救助,打捞,抢救
  • inflationn. 膨胀,通货膨胀
  • presencen. 出席,到场,存在 n. 仪态,风度
  • impactn. 冲击(力), 冲突,影响(力) vt. 挤入,压紧
  • petroleumn. 石油
  • shalen. 页岩,泥板岩