VOA慢速英语(翻译+字幕+讲解):老龄化对全球经济的影响
日期:2014-09-22 08:59

(单词翻译:单击)

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听力文本

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From VOA Learning English, this is the Economics Report.

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The world is getting older. As more people retire each year, fewer working-age people will be there to replace them. This has effects not only in the work place but in the world finance. The bond rating agency Moody's says the aging population will lead to a drop in household savings. This could mean that total investments will fall and economic growth could slow.

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Some reports have described Japan, Italy and Germany as the world's "Super Aged" nations. That is the name for countries in which at least 20 percent of the population is at least 65 years old.

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Elena Duggar is head of Moody's Sovereign Risk Division. She says changes in many populations are taking place quickly.

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"The demographic transition is upon us now and its progressing, by historical standards, quite rapidly," Duggar said.

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In five years, six more countries will join the list of "Super Aged" nations. And 34 nations will be super aged by the year 2030.

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Elena Duggar says this will have a big influence on labor and savings.

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"That will translate into reductions in labor supply. At the same time aging means that the household savings rates will go down, which will negatively impact on investment. Both trends put together would mean that aging will have a significant negative impact on global growth," Duggar said.

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The Conference Board reports on business conditions around the world. It says an aging population could reduce world economic growth by one percent in the next ten years.

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Kishore Kulkarni is with the Metropolitan State University of Denver. He says immigration is one way to reduce the effects of an aging population. Older adults spend money differently than younger ones. And experts say that difference affects the economies of countries.

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But Kishore Kulkarni believes that specialized career training and productivity gains from technology could make up for the drop in the number of workers. He says the problems of an aging population represent only a mismatching or misalignment of the demand for goods.

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"It is a misalignment of demand rather than a total and a drastic change in the demand. And it is a challenge which we can easily accept and tackle as it comes to us," Kulkarni said.

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He also says that an aging population will be less of a problem in countries where older people are highly valued. And most experts agree that younger workers will have to work longer and retire later than today's older workers.

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And that's the Economics Report from VOA Learning English. For more Learning English programs, go to our website learningenglish.voa.com. And follow us on Facebook and Twitter. I'm Mario Ritter.

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文本来自51voa,译文属可可原创,仅供学习交流使用,未经许可请勿转载

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词汇解释

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1.demographic adj. 人口统计学的;人口学的 n.特定年龄段的人口 [商业]

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The station has won more listeners in the 25-39 demographic.
这个电台吸引了更多25-39岁年龄段的听众-#NMgTK;|znP.=*

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2.misalignment n. 不重合;未对准

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A recent study investigated the effects of real exchange rate misalignment and instability on economic performance.
最近的一项研究调查了实际汇率失调和动荡对经济实绩的影响ake2MsPR0l9D*iuGBJ&

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3.sovereign risk 政治风险;主权风险

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Sovereign risk must be accounted for as part of cost of equity.
主权风险必须作为权益成本的一部分加以考虑#[W[byRER&(|_LTLq3

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内容解析

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1.But Kishore Kulkarni believes that specialized career training and productivity gains from technology could make up for the drop in the number of workers.

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make up for 补偿,弥补

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I have a lot of faults to make up for.
我有许多缺点需要弥补B9G~iQsYyd54Dd8|h@

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What he lacks in speed he makes up for in strength.
他的力量弥补了他速度的不足7WMWoJUqTk_L1Z+gka|

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参考译文

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这里是美国之音慢速英语经济报道*2=^[5[@7=h9,s|C#8A

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全世界正在进入老龄化,每年有更多人退休,能取代老年人来工作的人更少了KblE8SF*fPZl@t[_zz。这不仅影响了工作场合,也影响了世界金融FYr]]bgH.*mp。债券评级机构穆迪称老龄化人口将导致家庭储蓄减少,这就意味着总投资将下降,经济发展也将变缓9c=qQM[JK+P)F#g[gz1

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有的报道称日本、意大利和德国为全世界“超级老龄化”国家,超级老龄化国家是指一个国家中至少有20%的人口年龄在65岁以上E_BN@[Xj[6NYF|gReh

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艾琳娜·达格是穆迪主权风险部分负责人,她说很多人口族群在发生快速变化+^2(e)|m]6M(j

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“人口结构转型正在逼近我们,按照历史上的标准,这个速度是很快的FW9I@QdiZ!As1_60E59。”

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未来五年间,将有另外6个国家加入“超级老龄化”国家行列,34个国家将在2030年进入这个行列VsTUYOLrm,CchM%z64

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艾琳娜·达格说这将对劳动力和储蓄产生巨大影响a)yrRIMi#RZZRGU]Qr

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“这将导致劳动力供应减少,同时老龄化意味着家庭储蓄率的降低,这对投资产生不利影响aWNhcWxgR]UpeVjpv^LA。这两个趋势加在一起Ck378%9uoh7iqE8|X!。意味着老龄化将对全球发展产生巨大的负面效应9!uHs2.v4T-qBn5Z&b。”

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美国经济咨商局报告了全球商业现状,称未来10年间,老龄化的人口将使得全球经济增长降低1%DVf05bSP#Onj^doPw

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纪肖尔·库尔卡尼就职于丹佛大都会州立大学,他说移民是减少老龄化影响的一个办法2EWszdY|od]mk7。老年人和年轻人的开支方式不同,专家说这种差异影响了各国经济EW7.QTDc*y3^ta

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但纪肖尔·库尔卡尼认为,专业化的职业培训和科技带来的生产力提高能弥补劳动力减少带来的损失nHLzI%YQ*6B|OfmQ;w。他说老龄化问题仅仅意味着商品需求的错位xj3VpRB2SH!

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“这只是需求的错位,而不是整体需求的错位或急剧变化,当它到来之时,我们可以轻松地接受并解决这一挑战%k&zZkGNGCKQ6。”

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他还说,对于老年人被尊崇的国家来说,老龄化并不是多大的问题-B(b7#VjcBcA。大多数专家认为,与今天的老年劳动力相比,年轻劳动力将必须工作更久,退休更晚_+^,uS=GnTw7

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这就是美国之音慢速英语经济报道,登陆learningenglish.voa.com获得更多英语节目,在脸书和推特上关注我们,我是马里奥·利特V7nOydrE|vlV&Qt

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重点单词
  • challengen. 挑战 v. 向 ... 挑战
  • demographicadj. 人口统计学的
  • transitionn. 过渡,转变
  • populationn. 人口 ,(全体)居民,人数
  • tacklev. 处理,对付,阻截 n. 用具,滑车,对付
  • performancen. 表演,表现; 履行,实行 n. 性能,本事
  • negativeadj. 否定的,负的,消极的 n. 底片,负数,否定
  • supplyn. 补给,供给,供应,贮备 vt. 补给,供给,提供,
  • conferencen. 会议,会谈,讨论会,协商会
  • impactn. 冲击(力), 冲突,影响(力) vt. 挤入,压紧