(单词翻译:单击)
听力文本
From VOA Learning English, this is the Economics Report.
A new United Nations report says the world's poorest countries should rethink their economic policies, because they are failing to create jobs for their citizens.
The U.N. Conference on Trade and Development is warning that current policies will not do a lot to reduce poverty, because so few jobs are being created.
The U.N. report warns of social unrest and growing numbers of emigrants if the employment situation in these countries does not improved.
FILE - A homeless child repairs a shoe along a street in the in capital Kinshasa, in the Democratic Republic of Congo, June 2013.
Taffere Tesfachew is with the U.N. Conference on Trade and Development. He says a new way of thinking is needed. He says no one questions the need for economic growth. But that growth needs to create jobs.
"We are not questioning growth and growth matters very much, it is absolutely critical. Nobody is changing their views on the need for growth. But I think the question is - perhaps there is a way you grow and create employment, and there is a way you grow you do not create employment. The policies followed by many least developed countries and those especially which did not create employment while there is a need to create employment."
The World Bank and International Monetary Fund have called for economic stability and liberalization policies for poor and undeveloped countries. But this policies have failed to create many jobs, even during the period of economic expansion from 2002 to 2008. During that period, many least developed countries grew each year at a rate of eight percent or more.
The United Nations has identified 49 "least developed countries." Thirty-four are in African, there are nine others in Asia, five in the Pacific and one in the Caribbean.
Almost all of these countries face rising numbers of men and women entering the labor market. By 2050, the number of young people seeking jobs is expected to rise to 300 million.
Taffere Tesfachew says countries should invest in labor-intensive industries such as manufacturing to create jobs for the millions of unemployed.
"We really believe that infrastructural transformation, countries that are moving, jumping from agriculture to services, bypassing manufacturing, I think they will have a problem. The manufacturing sector, the industrial sector, particularly manufacturing, is I think critical for countries with large population."
In the U.N. report, a country was considered a least developed when personal income is below $992 on a three-year average. The report also considered the economic problems each nation faced and its rating on the Human Assets Index. The Index measures issues like health, nutrition, school enrollment and literacy rates.
And that's the Economics Report for VOA Learning English.
文本来自51voa，译文属可可原创，仅供学习交流使用，未经许可请勿转载
词汇解释
1.unrest n. 不安；动荡的局面；不安的状态
The real danger is civil unrest in the east of the country.
真正的危险是该国东部的民众骚乱。
2.liberalization n. 自由化；自由主义化；放宽限制
The projections show that the main beneficiaries of unilateral liberalization are the liberalizers themselves.
这些推测表明，单边自由化的主要受益者是实行自由化的国家本身。
3.bypass vt. 绕开；忽视；设旁路；迂回
A growing number of employers are trying to bypass the unions altogether.
越来越多的雇主试图完全置工会于不顾。
4.literacy n. 读写能力；精通文学
Many adults have problems with literacy and numeracy.
很多成年人有读写和计算的困难。
内容解析
1.The World Bank and International Monetary Fund have called for economic stability and liberalization policies for poor and undeveloped countries.
call for 要求；需要；提倡；邀请；为…叫喊
It's a situation that calls for a blend of delicacy and force.
这种情况下需要的是刚柔并济。
They angrily called for Robinson's resignation.
他们愤怒地要求罗滨逊辞职。
I'll call for you at seven o'clock.
我7点钟去接你。
参考译文
这里是美国之音慢速英语经济报道。
联合国一份新报告称全世界最贫困国家应该重新考虑其经济政策，因为这些政策未能为其公民创造就业。
联合国贸易与发展会议警告说，当前的政策不会在减轻贫困方面起到多大作用，因为创造的就业并不多。
这份联合国报告警告说，如果这些国家不改善其就业现状，那么就可能发生社会动乱，移民数量也会增加。
Taffere Tesfachew参加了联合国贸易与发展会议，他说有必要进行重新思考。他说没有人就经济发展的必要进行质疑，但发展需要创造就业。
“我们并不是质疑发展，发展非常重要，这是绝对关键的。在发展的必要性上没有人改变观点，但我想问题是，可能存在一种发展和创造就业的现象，也存在着发展但不创造就业的现象。对于许多欠发达国家的政策来说，尤其是对那些未能创造就业的政策来说，有必要创造就业。”
世界银行和国际货币基金组织呼吁为贫困国家和欠发达国家提供经济稳定和自由化政策，但这些政策未能创造很多就业机会，即使是在2002到2008年经济发展时期也是如此，在这个时期，许多欠发达国家每年的增长率为8%或更高。
联合国已确定49个“欠发达国家”，其中34个在非洲，9个在亚洲，5个在太平洋地区，一个在加勒比。
在几乎所有的国家，越来越多的男女进入就业市场。截止2050年，寻求工作的年轻人数量有望达到3亿。
Taffere Tesfachew说各国应投资于劳动密集行业，比如制造业，来为数百万失业者提供就业机会。
“我们认为基础设施改造，这些国家越过制造业从农业转到服务业，这是个问题。我认为工业、尤其是制造业对人口大国来说至关重要。”
在这份联合国报告中，当一个国家人均收入在三年内平均低于992美元就可视为欠发达国家，这份报告还考虑了各国面临的经济问题，以及其在人类资产指数上的排名，这些指数指标包括健康、营养、入学率和识字率。
这里是美国之音慢速英语经济报道。
