(单词翻译:单击)
听力文本
From VOA Learning English, this is the Economics Report.
Economists have studied how markets work for a long time. Generally, they work well. But markets do not always perform as expected. Jean Tirole of France won the Nobel Prize in Economics for studying why markets are imperfect, or inefficient, and what governments can do to regulate them.
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced the $1.1 million prize in Stockholm on Monday. It called Mr. Tirole "one of the most influential economists of our time." The organization said he had done important research in a number of areas. But, it said, "most of all he has clarified how to understand and regulate industries with only a few powerful firms." A small number of companies that control an industry is called an oligopoly.
For about 30 years, Mr. Tirole has researched periods when markets failed, that is, when they did not provide good results in price and competition. He looked at how a small number of large companies, or even a single company, can strongly influence industries. Banking and telecommunications were among the industries he studied.
The Nobel committee said that unregulated markets often produce socially undesirable results. They can result in higher prices or companies that use their market position to block others. The committee said it chose Mr. Tirole because he thought about how best to regulate markets.
For example, Tore Ellingsen says Mr. Tirole showed the need to develop better rules for the banking industry. This gained urgency after the world financial crisis of 2008-2009. Mr. Ellingsen is Chairman of the committee that awards the economics prize.
"Jean Tirole is really trying to understand what is it that drives the owners of banks. What are their objectives, and what are they driven to do if regulation is very lax? And he then comes to the conclusion that what they are driven to do is to take risks that are far too large from the point of view of the public interest. So there needs to be tougher regulatory regime, in particular for investment banks."
Mr. Tirole works at the Toulouse School of Economics in Toulouse, France. He is 61 years old.
The economics prize is called the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel. Alfred Nobel did not establish the prize. It was first presented in 1969.
The Nobel economics prize will be presented at a ceremony in Stockholm, Sweden, on December 10th.
And that's the VOA Learning English Economics Report. You can find more of our programs at learningenglish.voanews.com. I'm Mario Ritter.
文本来自51voa，译文属可可原创，仅供学习交流使用，未经许可请勿转载。
词汇解释
1.oligopoly n. 寡占；寡头买主垄断
The petrol market is an oligopoly.
汽油市场被垄断。
2.lax n. 松元音；泻肚 adj. 松的；松懈的；腹泻的
One of the problem areas is lax security for airport personnel.
其中一个问题是对机场人员的安全措施不严格。
3.regime n. 政权，政体；社会制度；管理体制
The authorities moved him to the less rigid regime of an open prison.
当局把他移送到管理相对宽松的不设防监狱。
内容解析
1.And he then comes to the conclusion that what they are driven to do is to take risks that are far too large from the point of view of the public interest.
come to the conclusion 得出结论
I've come to the conclusion that he's not the right person for the job.
我断定他不适合做这项工作。
Over the years I've come to the conclusion that she's a very great musician.
这些年来，我得出的结论是她是一位非常伟大的音乐家。
参考译文
这里是美国之音慢速英语经济报道。
经济学家们研究市场如何运行已多年，一般来说，市场运行得不错。但市场并不总是像我们希望的那样运行，法国的让·梯若尔研究为何市场不完美，也就是不有效，以及政府如何调节市场，他因此而获得诺贝尔经济奖。
瑞典皇家科学院周一在斯德哥尔摩市宣布了这个价值110万美元的奖项，称梯若尔“是我们这个时代最有影响力的经济学家”。该组织称梯若尔在很多领域都进行了重要研究。但该组织说，“最重要的是他弄明白了如何理解并使用少数强大的公司来调整行业”。少数控制一个行业的公司被称为寡头垄断。
30多年来，梯若尔对市场失效的时期进行了研究，也就是市场无法就价格和竞争方面促成良好的结果时。他研究了少数大公司或单个公司如何影响整个行业，银行业和电信业也是他研究的领域。
诺贝尔委员会称未经调节的市场通常会产生社会角度不理想的结果，可以导致高价格，或者公司会使用其市场地位来阻扰其他公司。诺奖委员会称之所以选择梯若尔，是因为他思考了如何用最好的办法来调节市场。
比如，图勒·埃林森说，梯若尔提出需要改善银行业的规则。在2008到2009年世界金融危机后这一需要变得更加迫切，埃林森是授予经济奖的委员会的主席。
“让·梯若尔研究了什么在驱动银行主，他们的目标是什么，以及如果监管不严他们会做什么？他得出的结论是，他们被迫去冒风险，从公众利益的角度来看这种风险非常巨大。所以需要加强监管制度，尤其是对投资银行。”
梯若尔就职于法国图鲁斯的图鲁斯经济学院，他现年61岁。
这一经济学奖被称为“纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔瑞典银行经济学奖”，该奖不是阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔创立的，而是1969年成立的。
诺贝尔经济奖将于12月10日在瑞典斯德哥尔摩的一个仪式上颁发。
这就是美国之音慢速英语经济报道，登陆learningenglish.voanews.com获得更多节目，我是马里奥·利特。
