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Sea ice in the Antarctic area fell to a record low this year.
南极地区的海冰面积今年降至历史最低点。
The drop is a result of rising temperatures worldwide.
海冰面积缩小是全球气温上升的结果。
And there is no quick fix to make up for the damage, scientists said recently in a new study.
科学家最近在一项新的研究中表示，没有快速的解决办法来弥补损失。
Antarctica's minimum summer ice cover, which last year dropped below 2 million square kilometers for the first time since satellite monitoring began in 1978, fell further to a new low in February.
南极洲夏季最小冰盖面积去年降至200万平方公里以下，这是自1978年开始进行卫星监测以来第一次降至200万平方公里以下，今年2月进一步降至新低。
The scientists' findings appeared in the publication Frontiers in Environmental Science.
科学家的研究结果发表在《环境科学前沿》杂志上。
Anna Hogg of the University of Leeds in Britain was one of the study's co-writers.
英国利兹大学的安娜·霍格是该研究的合著者之一。
When speaking about the melting icebergs and shelves, she said "It's going to take decades if not centuries for these things to recover. There's no quick fix to replacing this ice."
当谈到正在融化的冰山和冰架时，她说：“这些东西需要几十年甚至几个世纪的时间才能恢复。没有快速的解决办法来替换这些冰。”
She told a group of reporters, "It will certainly take a long time, even if it's possible."
她对一群记者说，“即使有可能，也肯定需要很长时间。”
This year's sea ice minimum is 20 percent lower than the average over the last 40 years.
今年的海冰面积最小值比过去40年的平均值低20%。
The sea ice loss represents an area nearly 10 times that of New Zealand, said Tim Naish of the Antarctic Research Center at New Zealand's Victoria University of Wellington.
新西兰惠灵顿维多利亚大学南极研究中心的蒂姆·奈什说，海冰消失的面积几乎是新西兰的10倍。
Naish was not part of the study.
奈什没有参与这项研究。
Naish added that in some cases we are getting close to important large changes that could lead to serious consequences for future generations.
奈什补充说，在某些情况下，我们正在接近重大的变化，这些变化可能会给子孙后代带来严重后果。
The warming of Earth's surface driven by the burning of fossil fuels has made Antarctica more likely to suffer from extreme events.
燃烧化石燃料导致地球表面变暖，这使得南极洲更容易遭受极端事件的影响。
And the effect is almost "certain" to get worse, the study said.
研究称，这种影响几乎“肯定”会变得更糟。
Climate change will "lead to increases in the size and frequency" of heatwaves, ice shelf collapses and declines in sea ice, it said.
研究称，气候变化将“导致热浪、冰架坍塌和海冰减少的“规模和发生频率增加”。
The study drew on recent evidence from scientific studies of the Antarctic Ocean, atmosphere, cryosphere and biosphere.
这项研究利用了南极海洋、大气、冰冻圈和生物圈科学研究的最新证据。
The exact effects of climate change on Antarctica and the surrounding ocean have been uncertain.
气候变化对南极洲及其周围海洋的确切影响一直不确定。
Scientists have had problems measuring how much the Earth's warming is affecting the thickness of Antarctic ice.
科学家在测量地球变暖对南极冰层厚度的影响程度时遇到了问题。
But from events such as the fast decline in sea ice, it is "scientifically reasonable" to assume that extreme events are going to become worse as temperatures rise worldwide, said Martin Siegert of the University of Exeter, another study co-writer.
但该研究的另一位合著者埃克塞特大学的马丁·西格特表示，从海冰迅速减少等事件来看，认为随着全球气温上升，极端事件将会变得更糟的观点“在科学上是合理的”。
Last year, an "atmospheric river" coming from Australia pushed heat and moisture into Antarctica.
去年，一条来自澳大利亚的“大气层河流”将热量和水分推入南极洲。
The result was temperatures up to 38.5 Celsius above normal, the largest variance from the norm the world has ever experienced.
其结果是气温比正常高出38.5摄氏度，这是世界上有史以来与正常气温偏差最大的一次。
Siegert described the temperature increase as "absolutely astonishing."
西格特称气温上升“绝对令人震惊”。
Siegert added that if the event had happened during the Antarctic summer, instead of winter, it would have caused melting on the surface of the East Antarctic ice sheet, which has so far been saved from melting.
西格特补充说，如果这一事件发生在南极的夏季，而不是冬季，它将会导致南极东部冰盖表面融化，到目前为止，南极东部冰盖还没有融化。
Siegert used the term fragile, meaning easily broken or damaged, to describe Antarctica.
西格特用“脆弱”一词来形容南极洲，意思是很容易损坏。
"Antarctica is fragile as an environment, but extreme events test that fragility," he said.
他说：“作为一个环境，南极洲是脆弱的，但极端事件考验着这种脆弱性”。
"What we're deeply concerned about is the increase in intensity and frequency of extreme events and the …. influences that they have in other areas."
“我们深切关注的是极端事件强度和发生频率的增加以及它们在其他领域的影响力增加。”
I'm John Russell.
约翰·拉塞尔为您播报。
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