(单词翻译:单击)
听力文本
Report: 25 Percent of US Jobs at Risk of Being Lost to Machines
A new report predicts up to 25 percent of American jobs face a "high risk" of disappearing due to future machine automation.
The report was recently released by the Washington-based Brookings Institution. Researchers identified about 36 million U.S. jobs as having "high exposure" to automation.
Among jobs facing the greatest risk are those in office administration, production, transportation and food preparation, the report says. Jobs in these fields may be replaced with technology driven by machine learning and artificial intelligence.
Mark Muro is a senior fellow at Brookings and the lead writer of the report. He told the Associated Press that people in these jobs will need to react to these changes to survive. "That population is going to need to upskill, reskill or change jobs fast," he said.
Muro said some of the jobs could disappear quickly — within a few years. Others could last another 20.
Smaller cities and communities at risk
The report predicts job losses to machines will be greater in smaller cities and communities, especially in parts of the U.S. Midwest.
The highest job risk is expected to be in Indiana and Kentucky. Both states have some communities where nearly half of workers are employed in the manufacturing and transportation industries. Wisconsin, Ohio and Iowa are also expected to suffer large losses.
On the other hand, large cities in the U.S. northeast — including Washington D.C., Philadelphia, New York and Boston — will see much lower job losses to machines.
Young, male, uneducated, and Hispanics
Young people who work in the food services industry and other low-skilled jobs face an especially high risk for automation.
Mark Muro said jobs aimed at assisting the public will increasingly be turned over to robot helpers. "Restaurants will be able to get along with significantly reduced workforces," he said. "In the hotel industry, instead of five people manning a desk to greet people, there's one, and people basically serve themselves."
Underrepresented minority groups are also likely to be affected by machine automation. "Young workers and Hispanics will be especially exposed," the report predicts.
Among the jobs with the lowest risk of being lost to automation are in business, engineering, social services, education and management, the report found.
Some economists believe machine automation has an overall good effect on the labor market. Matias Cortes is an assistant professor at York University in Toronto, Canada. He was not involved in the Brookings report.
Cortes told the AP that automation can create economic growth, reduce prices and increase demand. He also said new jobs can be created to make up for those that disappear.
However, he added that there are likely to be "clear winners and losers." In the recent past, those hardest hit were men with low levels of education who held manufacturing and other blue-collar jobs. Two main groups of women were also affected: those with lower levels of education and those working in administrative positions not requiring high skills.
I'm Bryan Lynn.
重点解析
重点讲解：
1. due to 由于；因为；
Unfortunately, due to unforeseen circumstances, this year's show has been cancelled.
遗憾的是，由于一些意外情况，今年的演出被取消了。
2. react to （作出）反应；回应；
For this purpose, we need to be able to react to events.
为此，我们需要能够对事件做出反应。
3. turn over 移交(职位、责任)；
The King may turn over some of his official posts to his son.
国王可能会把他的某些公职交由儿子担任。
4. make up for 弥补；补足；
After all the delays, we were anxious to make up for lost time.
耽搁了这么久，我们急着想弥补失去的时间。
参考译文
报告称25%的美国劳动者将被机器取代
一项新报告预测，由于未来机器自动化，美国25%的就业岗位将面临消失的“高风险”。
总部位于华盛顿的布鲁金斯学会于近日公布了这份报告。研究人员指出，美国约有3600万个工作岗位可能被自动化技术取代。
报告指出，其中风险最高的领域涉及办公室行政管理、生产、运输和食品制作。这些领域的工作岗位可能被机器学习和人工智能所驱动的技术取代。
马克·穆洛是布鲁金斯学会的高级研究员，也是这份报告的首席作者。他对美联社表示，为了生存下去，从事这些岗位的人必须要应对这些挑战。他说，“这些人需要提升技能、学习新技能或快速换工作”。
穆洛表示，一些工作岗位可能很快就会消失，也许几年内就会消失。其他岗位则可以再坚持20年。
小型城市和社区处于风险中
报告预测称，工作岗位被机器取代的现象在小型城市和社区会更加普遍，尤其是美国中西部一些地区。
就业面临自动化风险最高的州是印第安纳州和肯塔基州。在这两个州的一些社区，有近一半工人在制造业和运输业工作。此外，威斯康星州、俄亥俄州和爱荷华州也将遭受重大损失。
另一方面，美国东北部地区的大型城市，如华盛顿特区、费城、纽约和波士顿等地，因自动化而损失的工作岗位则要少得多。
年轻人、男性、教育程度低者和拉丁裔
在食品服务行业和其他低技能岗位工作的年轻人所面临的自动化风险尤为高。
马克·穆洛表示，将有越来越多旨在服务大众的工作岗位被机器人助手取代。他说，“在大幅减少劳动力的情况下，餐厅也可以继续经营。在酒店业，不会再有5个人在前台迎接客人的情况，而是只有一个人迎接客人，采用自助模式。”
少数群体也可能受到机器自动化的影响。报告预测称，“年轻工人和拉丁裔更易受到影响。”
报告发现，自动化风险最低的工作领域为商业、工程学、社会服务、教育和管理。
一些经济学家认为，总体来说，机器自动化会对劳动力市场产生良好的影响。马蒂亚斯·科特斯是加拿大多伦多约克大学的助理教授。他并没有参与布鲁金斯学会的报告。
科特斯对美联社表示，自动化可以带来经济增长，降低价格并增加需求。他还表示，可以创造新的就业岗位来弥补那些消失的岗位。
但是，他补充说，很可能会出现“明显的赢家和输家”。不久前，遭受冲击最为严重者是从事制造业和其他蓝领工作的教育程度低的男性。两个主要女性群体也受到了影响：分别是教育程度低的女性和从事不需要高技能的行政岗位工作的女性。
布莱恩·林恩报道。
译文为可可英语翻译，未经授权请勿转载！
