背景介绍

【背景】

记忆，就是过去的经验在人脑中的反映。它包括识记、保持、再现、回忆三个基本过程。其形式有形象记忆、概念记忆、逻辑记忆、情绪记忆、运动记忆等。

记忆的大敌是遗忘。提高记忆力，实际就是尽量避免和克服遗忘。在学习活动中只要进行有意识的锻炼，掌握记忆规律和方法，就能改善和提高记忆力。下面介绍增强记忆的十种方法。

1.注意集中。记忆时只要聚精会神、专心致志，排除杂念和外界干扰，大脑皮层就会留下深刻的记忆痕迹而不易遗忘。如果精神涣散，一心二用，就会大大降低记忆效率。

2.兴趣浓厚。如果对学习材料、知识对象索然无味，即使花再多时间，也难以记住。

3.理解记忆。理解是记忆的基础。只有理解的东西才能记的牢、记得久。仅靠死记硬背，则不容易记住。对于重要的学习内容，如能作到理解和背诵相结合，记忆效果会更好。

4.过度学习。即对学习材料在记住的基础上，多记几遍，达到熟记、牢记的程度。过度学习的最佳程度是150%。

5.及时复习。遗忘的速度是先快后慢。对刚学过的知识，趁热打铁，及时温习巩固，是强化记忆痕迹、防止遗忘的有效手段。

6.经常回忆。学习时，不断进行尝试回忆，可使记忆错误得到纠正，遗漏得到弥补，使学习内容难点记的更牢。闲暇时经常回忆过去识记的对象，也能避免遗忘。

7.读、想、视、听相结合。可以同时利用语言功能和视听觉器官的功能，来强化记忆，提高记忆效率，比单一默读效果好的多。

8.运用多种记忆手段。根据情况，灵活运用分类记忆、特点记忆、谐音记忆、争论记忆、联想记忆、趣味记忆、图表记忆、缩短记忆及编提纲、做笔记、卡片等记忆方法，均能增强记忆力。

9.掌握最佳记忆时间。一般来说，上午9～11时，下午3～4时，晚上7～10时，为最佳记忆时间。利用上述时间记忆难记的学习材料，效果较好。

10.科学用脑。在保证营养、积极休息、进行体育锻炼等保养大脑的基础上，科学用脑，防止过度疲劳，保持积极乐观的情绪，能大大提高大脑的工作效率。这是提高记忆力的关键。

英文原文

【原文】

I’m going to describe a memory technique called the journey method. It combines the link system and peg methods in a way that makes a very powerful tool for remembering long lists or quite complex information.

　　The key to the journey method is to think of a route that you know very well. It could be your route to work, or to a relative’s house. Then you need to think of the important places, the landmarks along this route. Examples of landmarks are doors, traffic lights, buildings you pass on the journey, etc. At this stage it’s a good idea to write the landmarks down on a piece of paper in the order they occur on the route. This makes sure that you have the route and landmarks very clear in your head. Now you are ready to remember your first list.

　　We’ll start with a simple example. You are using your route to the supermarket as the journey, and you have to remember a shopping list. The first three items on your list are coffee, milk and tomatoes. The first three landmarks on your journey are the front door, your garden and your car. You visualise hurriedly drinking a cup of coffee as you open the front door. You go outside and see it has been raining milk, and there is a big puddle of milk in your garden. Then you get to your car, and the roof is covered with tomatoes. You continue this way, making each image as memorable as possible.

　　Once you have mastered this method, you will find that it is a very flexible memory tool. You can have several different journeys, which can be used in either direction. You can also add events and landmarks to a route to accommodate longer lists of information, and for short lists you can just use part of a route.

词汇讲解：

1.route 航线,路线,途径
如：
The markings along the route are quite plain.
路线沿途的标志都十分清楚.

We drove home by a roundabout route.
我们绕远道驾车回家。

2.landmark 路标, 划时代的事, 地界标
如：
The local artists will hold an exhibition on the landmark.
当地画家将要在这个风景点举办展览。

Mountains dominate the city's landmark.
重峦叠嶂构成这个城市的风景点。

Marble Arch is a famous London landmark.
大理石拱门是著名的伦敦标志.

3.visualise 预见
如：
Tom visualized the house as a romantic ruin.
汤姆把那所房子想像成有传奇色彩的废墟.

I can't visualize myself ever getting married.
我不能想像我有朝一日能结婚.

4.memorable 值得纪念的，难忘的
如：
We had a memorable trip last year.
我们去年有一次难忘的旅行。

It was a memorable experience for me.
对我来说那是一次难忘的经历。

5.accommodate vt.容纳；顾及
如：
The cottage could accommodate up to five people.
这间小屋最多能容纳5个人。

The bank is accommodating its customers more than it used to.
这家银行现在给客户贷款比以前多了。

(可可英语版权所有,未经允许请勿转载)