揭开口吃的生物学原因
日期:2022-03-08 11:27

(单词翻译:单击)

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听力文本

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Researchers are looking into the biological causes of stuttering.

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研究人员正在研究口吃的生物学原因(oES]xBAU6,Dg%@kVi

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Stuttering is a speech problem that causes the speaker to repeat the beginning sound of some words.

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口吃是一种言语问题,它会导致说话者重复某些单词的开头发音Du;i&p,D0@O*R+sp

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For centuries, people have feared being judged for stuttering.

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几个世纪以来,人们一直害怕因口吃而受到评判Z~lz&j+35VnZ-*io^B

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It is a condition often misunderstood as a psychological problem caused by things like bad parenting or emotional trauma.

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这是一种经常被误解为心理问题的疾病,心理问题是由不良的父母教育或情感创伤等原因造成的azOjii8)cze

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But research presented at a recent science conference explores its biological causes: genetics and brain differences.

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但在最近的一次科学会议上提出的研究探讨了它的生物学原因:遗传学和大脑差异f-hO~BI#Fj8kd=CC~-O[

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Stuttering affects 70 million people around the world, including U.S. President Joe Biden.

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口吃影响着全世界7000万人,其中包括美国总统乔·拜登iaLBhANRPK&K!

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Biden has spoken publicly about being bullied by classmates for his speech problem.

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拜登曾公开表示,他曾因言语障碍而被同学欺负qi.aXji;wdA)+uD

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He has said that overcoming his stutter was one of the hardest things he ever did.

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他说,克服口吃是他做过的最难的事情之一YW+qdb!!@wrP|97nr7

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After a campaign event in 2020, he met a New Hampshire teenager who also stuttered, Brayden Harrington.

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在2020年的一场竞选活动之后,他遇到了一个同样患口吃的新罕布什尔州少年布雷登·哈林顿6pQ3W#DLW(6GN!

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They ended up talking for an hour.

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他们最终谈了一个小时+-MUWv7414c8qE

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Living with a stutter has not been easy, Brayden told The Associated Press.

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布雷登告诉美联社,因为患有口吃,生活很不容易YJDuMfe6!]-

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"I want to carry on what Joe Biden said to me," he said.

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他说:“因为乔·拜登对我说过的话,我想坚持下去”yHO(AJBbl&hp&kB+L=8

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"That this does not define you and that you can be much more than you see yourself as."

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“这并不能定义你,你可以超越你对自己的想象FKU8~)cI~8veO。”

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Stuttering has been recorded as far back as ancient China, Greece and Rome.

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口吃早在古代中国、希腊和罗马就有记录46IEg#qy0dTL8kHfK3Zl

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But no one really knew what caused it until modern genetic science and brain imaging helped provide some answers.

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但是直到现代基因科学和脑成像提供了一些答案之前,没有人真正知道是什么原因引发了这种疾病Gam5[tA6,z9

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Researchers identified the first genes strongly linked to stuttering more than a decade ago.

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十多年前,研究人员发现了第一组与口吃密切相关的基因;Nk!+S[8rB

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Imaging studies looked at brains of adults and older children.

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成像研究观察了成年人和年龄较大的儿童的大脑M,tc10y0QIv

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And in the last few years, University of Delaware researcher Ho Ming Chow started looking at 3- to 5-year-olds.

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在过去的几年里,特拉华大学的研究员周浩明开始研究3到5岁的儿童zZbEXKN!Ig2paTfh2

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That is around the age many kids begin stuttering, with about 80 percent outgrowing it.

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这个年龄是许多孩子开始口吃的年龄,大约80%的孩子长大后不再口吃了wOP~~P[fZGXaic[tR

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Chow said the imaging shows small brain differences in young children who keep stuttering, compared with those who recover or those who never stuttered.

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周浩明说,图像显示,与那些康复或从不口吃的儿童相比,一直口吃的儿童的大脑有微小的差异+kvCBw!L7|#9NfWi

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He discussed his research earlier this month at a conference of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

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本月早些时候,他在美国科学促进会的一次会议上讨论了他的研究D(&SNsvYKIO-gi(BNq_1

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For example, Chow and his team found that genetic mutations related to stuttering are linked to structural problems in the corpus callosum and thalamus areas of the brain.

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例如,周浩明和他的团队发现,与口吃相关的基因突变与大脑胼胝体和丘脑区域的结构问题有关D75meSC][yu

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The corpus callosum is an area that connects the two sides of the brain and helps them communicate.

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胼胝体是连接大脑两侧并帮助它们交流的区域l3sOy7f;U0d+;OGoGH

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The thalamus sends sensory information to other parts of the brain.

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丘脑将感觉信息发送到大脑的其他部分1NAn@9~T,e5XA7

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Past research has also linked stuttering to the basal ganglia, a group of brain structures involved in body movements.

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过去的研究也将口吃与基底神经节联系起来,基底神经节是一组参与身体运动的大脑结构5FcjC*sQ~q

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Though several genes may be involved and the exact genetic causes may vary by child, "they probably affect the brain in a similar way," Chow said.

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周浩明说,虽然可能涉及几种基因,确切的遗传原因可能因儿童而异,但“它们可能以相似的方式影响大脑nO!%1!yB6gJ^。”

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Still, many people incorrectly believe that people stutter because they are nervous or suffered childhood trauma.

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然而,许多人错误地认为人们口吃是因为他们紧张或遭受过童年创伤I1-mA2rEGEY.r7P8x[v

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Some also think stutterers could stop if they just tried harder.

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一些人还认为,如果口吃者更加努力,他们就可以停止口吃Rf4zNEE%4q

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"We have a long way to go" to change such beliefs, said University of Maryland researcher Nan Bernstein Ratner.

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马里兰大学研究员南·伯恩斯坦·拉特纳说,要改变这种观念,“我们还有很长的路要走”LqP*!QfldU.c27@0E

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Speech therapy is currently the main way to treat stuttering.

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言语疗法是目前治疗口吃的主要方法EHpUKZn5k89K@U[xI

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But the medications now being tested could be approved for stuttering in the next few years.

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但目前正在测试的药物可能会在未来几年被批准用于治疗口吃5Y+iy+uz1dIF^43bX

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Studies have suggested that stuttering may be related to high levels of a chemical in the brain called dopamine.

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研究表明,口吃可能与大脑中一种名为多巴胺的化学物质含量过高有关[1Sa9~U]BLp.juXd

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Some medicines reduce dopamine activity or block its action.

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有些药物会降低多巴胺的活性或阻断其作用b8;K9a0N=cQ7[j;]

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Holly Nover is a speech pathologist and member of the National Stuttering Association.

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霍莉·诺弗是一位言语病理学家,也是全国口吃协会的成员81S@]0ug0NL&!d,)aJ;

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She grew up trying to hide her stutter.

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她从小就试图掩饰自己患有口吃SLh^ioVClNut

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Her 10-year-old son, Colton, also has a speech problem.

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她10岁的儿子科尔顿也有语言障碍4bEcGVmam9]A8!LQ

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She said many people will surely be interested in trying stuttering medications.

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她说,许多人肯定会对尝试治疗口吃的药物感兴趣&oq5aIs&2Ozv;3y0HL

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But not her. She is happy with her life as it is and says she has accepted her stuttering.

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但她不是j*~G|R|4yHTdu,Ez。她对现在的生活很满意,她还说她已经接受了自己的口吃4@=5wvzuy(E

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If Colton were struggling and wanted to try medication as a teenager, however, she would be open to the idea.

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然而,如果科尔顿在十几岁的时候挣扎着想要尝试药物治疗,她会接受这个主意zafm[VjHRm|f|aK-P.4S

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Brayden, who is now 14, does not plan to try medication.

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14岁的布雷登不打算尝试药物治疗.XeudI@23YAc+X4O|K

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Taking medicine is "just taking away a part of you…taking away part of your personality," he said.

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他说,吃药只是“带走了你的一部分,带走了你一部分个性jHCfS3an3e|%e。”

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I'm Dan Novak.

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丹·诺瓦克为您播报,I*Hr(K7pX13~O.r]

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译文为可可英语翻译,未经授权请勿转载!

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