VOA慢速英语(翻译+字幕+讲解):学双语能延迟老年痴呆症
日期:2013-12-06 12:32

(单词翻译:单击)

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听力文本

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From VOA Learning English, this is the Health Report.

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New research suggests that speaking more than one language may delay different kinds of dementia, that is the lost of mental ability. In fact, researchers say, speaking two languages appears to be more important than the level of education in defending against dementias.

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A study in India examined the effect of knowing more than one language in delaying the first signs of several disorders, these included Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, vascular dementia, Lewy bodies dementia and mixed dementias. Researchers studied nearly 650 people whose average age was 66. 240 of those studied suffered from Alzheimer's, the most common form of mental decline.

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Mental Stimulation Might Cut Dementia Risk

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Three hundred ninety-one of the subjects spoke two or more languages. Investigators found the dementias began about four-and-a-half years later in those who were bilingual compared to those who spoke only one language. The level of education had no effect on the age at the first sign of dementia.

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Thomas Bak helped to organise the study. He is with the Center of Cognitive Aging at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland. He suggests that individuals who speak more than one language train their brains by moving back and forth between different words and expressions.

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Mr Bok believes this effort improves what scientists called executive functioning or attention to tasks, this mental ability often weakens in people with dementias.

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Researchers found there was no extra gain in speaking more than two languages. They also did not see a delay in the first signs of Lewy bodies dementia, the disorder causes patients to see or experience things that do not real exist. They can also cause sufferers to move back and forth between being wide awake and really sleeping.

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Mr Bak says it does not appear important whether you learn a language at a young age or later in life.

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"So it's not something you sort of say that '[if] you missed the boat when you do not do it as a baby.' It is something that is still quite useful and powerful when you do it as an adult," he said.

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Scientists found that speaking more than one language help delay the first signs of dementias, even in those who could not read.

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An article on the benefits of bilingualism on dementias was published this month in the journal Neurology.

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And that is the VOA Health Report from VOA Learning English. You can read, listen and learn English with health news on our website learningenglish.voanews.com. You can also watch captioned videos at the VOA Learning English channel on YouTube. I'm Milagros Ardin.

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文本来自51voa,译文属可可原创,仅供学习交流使用,未经许可请勿转载

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词汇解释

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1.dementia n. [内科] 痴呆

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Senile dementia patients aren't completely out of their minds.
老年痴呆患者是不能控制自己的思想的_@O0.VzRB)=a_xq

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2.cognitive adj. 认知的,认识的

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As children grow older, their cognitive processes become sharper.
孩子们越长越大,他们的认知过程变得更为敏锐eZ4(NvKj#iO05*rZb;l

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3.bilingual adj. 双语的 n. 通两种语言的人

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She is bilingual in English and Punjabi.
她会说英语和旁遮普语DoN1HhKkwzr

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4.disorder n. 混乱;骚乱

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His financial affairs were in complete disorder.
他的财务完全是一笔糊涂账x,wh@~#p5;e5tX-Fu4C

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内容解析

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1.They can also cause sufferers to move back and forth between being wide awake and really sleeping.

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back and forth 反复地,来回地

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The wind moved the trees gently back and forth.
风吹得树轻轻地来回摇晃_N;&]wH][&73%j5z1

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He swam back and forth five times up and down the swimming pool.
他在游泳池里游了5个来回cVjl692HZPGK

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Francesca giggled and watched Kincaid's head shake slowly back and forth.
弗朗西丝卡咯咯笑了起来,看着金凯的头慢慢来回摇着.Q%dIRth7IuIS-bAFDs

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参考译文

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这里是美国之音慢速英语健康报道YNO;DM&p!ZiT

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新研究表明,讲一门以上语言能延迟各种痴呆症,也就是心智能力的损失%#^yfhKkpA@_MAG*jn&。事实上,研究者称讲两门语言似乎比教育水平更能预防痴呆症SX8^z)eII*Krp8QQd

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印度的一项研究检查了掌握一门以上语言在延迟严重失调症上的效果,其中包括老年痴呆症、额颞痴呆、血管性痴呆、和路易体痴呆和混合痴呆症6i+9*@]7Yn8_。研究者研究了平均年龄为66岁的近650人,其中240人患有老年痴呆症,这是最常见的智力下降症RjyceQH+BRB%;&(

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其中391名被研究者讲两门以上语言,调查者发现,与那些只讲一种语言的人相比,双语者痴呆症病情首次出现要晚四年半qH#Wl]7(ljb03。教育水平对痴呆症首次发作的年龄没有影响W8XvVz.atc]9gdT)

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Thomas Bak帮助组织了这项研究,他就职于苏格兰爱丁堡大学认知老化中心,他说那些讲一门以上语言的人通过将不同的词语和表达来回使用来训练大脑RCFF22FY+eo&gXc)n(EW

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Bak认为这种行为改善了科学家所谓的执行功能,也就是对任务的关注度,痴呆症患者的这种心理能力通常会变弱bLIHfgw-@R^t1M76I*

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研究者发现讲两门以上语言没有其他的益处,他们并没有发现和路易体痴呆首次出现的延迟,这种疾病能使病人看到或经历根本不存在的东西hq2L6v)g_-g。他们还会出现幻觉,在清醒和沉睡之间交替着u(B;WIIG;5iSnYMxBp

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Bak说,年轻还是老年时学习语言并不重要]+tQ+oCUe@UAph^.az

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“并不是说‘年轻时错过这个机会以后就没有了’,即使是成年后学习语言仍然很有用1ePNxjlwKH。”

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科学家发现讲一门以上语言能帮助延迟患上痴呆症,即使对那些不会阅读的人来说也是如此e[xl)TI5^p-!&

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有关双语对痴呆症益处的文章本月发表在杂志《神经学》上.S0jfx(Ye^1@4d

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这里是美国之音慢速英语健康报道,你可登陆网站learningenglish.voanews.com获得更多健康报道,还可在YouTube上获得美国之音英语学习频道的视频,我是Milagros Ardin(QkAQTFr+r;UijZ|

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点击此处下载本期VOA慢速新闻讲解PDF与音频字幕

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重点单词
  • executiveadj. 行政的,决策的,经营的,[计算机]执行指令 n
  • cognitiveadj. 认知的,认识的,有认识力的
  • delayv. 耽搁,推迟,延误 n. 耽搁,推迟,延期
  • stimulationn. 刺激,激励,鼓舞
  • mentaladj. 精神的,脑力的,精神错乱的 n. 精神病患者
  • disordern. 杂乱,混乱 vt. 扰乱
  • declinen. 衰微,跌落; 晚年 v. 降低,婉谢
  • spokev. 说,说话,演说
  • neurologyn. 神经学,神经病学
  • bilingualadj. 双语的,用两种语言表达或书写的