VOA慢速英语(翻译+字幕+讲解):治疗儿童多动症
日期:2014-10-23 08:59

(单词翻译:单击)

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听力文本

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From VOA Learning English, this is the Health Report.

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Five million American children and teenagers have Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder, commonly known as ADHD.

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ADHD makes it difficult - if not impossible - to stay with a duty until it is complete.

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Katherine Ellison knows the problem well. She is a mother who was always yelling at her son to be quiet, to sit still, to stay on task. She did not know that he had ADHD. She also did not know that she had it too.

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Ms. Ellison wrote a book about the issue with her son, Buzz. VOA's Faiza Elmasry talked to her about, "Buzz: A Year of Paying Attention."

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Buzz Ellison is a child who had many problems in elementary school. He could not sit still. He was constantly jumping up and down in class. He did not pay attention to his teachers and could not focus on the task at hand.

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As a result, his mother says, he was always in trouble. He also got bullied. And his teachers gave him a lot of negative feedback.

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"His attitude towards school really changed. I think he got bullied both by his peers and his teachers who insisted that he could do things that he really wasn't capable of doing at that age and remembering things and they gave him a lot of negative feedback."

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His mother, Katherine Ellison, is a Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter. She did not understand why he behaved the way he did. And she admits that her behavior was only making the situation worse.

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"I was making things worse often by being anxious or being impatient or not understanding him. And I realized at some point that I really hadn't hugged him in a while. And I wasn't smiling when he came into the room because we were just having such a hard time."

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When Buzz was nine doctors identified his problem. They said he had ADHD. And, like many parents of children with ADHD, Ellison learned she had the disorder as well. She was in her late 40s.

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She says that like many people with ADD or ADHD life can be a rollercoaster ride – a life with many ups and downs, high points and low points.

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"I, like many people with ADD, had a roller coaster of a life. For instance, I got sued for 11-million dollars for a reporting error that I made in one of my first years as a newspaper reporter. And two years later, I won a Pulitzer Prize. So these are the kinds of things that often happen when you got this disorder; you're capable of really amazing things and very humiliating, terrible things."

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So, the mother and son teamed to write a book about their experience. Ms. Ellison says she was happy that ADHD became a project for them instead of a fight between them.

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"My son and I started out by writing a contract together, which was terrific because it changed the perspective from being a shameful problem that we had to a joint business project. And I also knew that he would cooperate with me. He wanted a percentage of the profits from the book. I was willing to do that because all of a sudden we're partners rather than antagonists."

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They explored the world of ADHD for a year. They researched treatments and doctors.

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More Cases of ADHD Identified in Children

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ADHD is identified more and more. But much about the disorder remains unknown, including its cause or causes. American and Swedish researchers have released a study that links older fathers and ADHD. It found babies fathered by men over 44 years old are 13 times more likely to develop the disorder. JAMA Psychiatry, a journal of the American Medical Association, published the study.

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Peter Levine is a doctor of children's medicine in California. The pediatrician specializes in treating children with ADHD. He says there are many misunderstandings about the disorder.

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"One of the biggest misconceptions is parents think that this is their fault."

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And, he says others find fault with these parents, too.

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"Other parents will blame them for it because they see the way these kids acting and they'll (will) say, ‘What's wrong with you? Why can't you control your child?' So parents will blame themselves. Another misconception is that the child is really not trying, because often times these kids are trying harder than other kids to control their behaviors. That leads to a lot of difficulties and frustrations."

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Mr. Levine says the first step in dealing with ADHD is getting the facts straight.

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"In America, the diagnosis rate in children generally is quoted in the range of about 3 to 7 percent of children. It's more common in boys, by about three to one. This is a highly inheritable disorder. They can't get over ADHD. I mean it's not something that you can make go away. As many as two-third of the children who have problems with ADHD will have difficulties as adults. You can't cure it. You have to find ways of coping with it."

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Changing Parenting Styles for ADHD Kids

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He says that one of the most effective ways to deal with ADHD is to change the way you parent.

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And that's what Katherine Ellison did.

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She says she is now paying more attention to her son, spending more time with him, being less judgmental and giving him more positive feedback.

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And Buzz is reacting well to these changes. He has fewer outbursts at home and at school. He is more centered on school work. And he has a new interest – playing tennis.

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And that's the Health Report. I'm Anna Matteo.

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文本来自51voa,译文属可可原创,仅供学习交流使用,未经许可请勿转载=t%c0;d4AHV],FtJ

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词汇解释

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1.hyperactivity n. 极度活跃;活动过度

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Karen complained of hyperactivity and rest-lessness.
卡伦诉说自己有多动、焦躁不安的问题Py7NG(@c*HB-|7)p]3z)

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2.peer vi. 凝视,盯着看;窥视 vt. 封为贵族;与…同等 n. 贵族;同等的人

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His engaging personality made him popular with his peers.
他迷人的个性使他很受同龄人欢迎CpXehVTKkPfT

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3.rollercoaster n. 过山车

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It's great to go on the roller coaster five times and not be sick.
坐了5次云霄飞车都没晕,真是太棒了#fKMry0@s7)iv~k%Q

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4.antagonist n. 敌手;[解剖] 对抗肌;[生化] 拮抗物;反协同试剂

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Spassky had never previously lost to his antagonist.
斯帕斯基以前从未败给过他的敌手n|dBd)aYa~-#DY

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5.judgmental adj. 审判的;妄下结论的 [表不满]

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We tried not to seem critical or judgmental while giving advice that would protect him from ridicule.
在提出使他免受奚落的建议时,我们尽量不表现得挑剔或妄下结论4qrBAa%G.3]~nWwX.s]A

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内容解析

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1.And, he says others find fault with these parents, too.

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find fault with 挑剔;批评;抱怨

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He loved best to find fault with me.
他最喜欢找我的岔了~Ll]rfV%+U(k2qU

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There was not a single thing about her that one could find fault with.
在她身上找不出一点让人家说长道短的地方bhbd9]B^of%

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参考译文

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这里是美国之音慢速英语健康报道7lc*&xYeNz.Ha*!ce

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有400万美国儿童和青少年患有注意力不足多动症,俗称多动症opTzD@r-OP0zlgU

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多动症者很难熬到任务完成之时,即使不是不可能坚持到最后5H&@VAiV;tJZFX

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凯瑟琳·埃利森对这个问题很了解,她总是嚷着让儿子安静下来,安静坐下来,不要离开课桌#4]jHTKCofLX。她当时不知道儿子患有多动症,她也不知道自己也有这个病@x[&=WPRc(s0h])

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埃利森和儿子合作写了有关这一问题的书,美国之音的法伊扎·艾尔·马斯里跟她谈论这本名叫《巴斯:专注的一年》的书P7GS;ZgRqS=FjS;37

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巴斯是个小学生,他有很多问题,他无法安静地坐下,总是在课堂上跳上跳下,他还不认真听老师教课,无法专心于手头的工作(3JDTWr2&J+VmI@#h~J

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结果他妈妈说他总是遇到麻烦,总是被欺负,他的老师给他很多负面评价x)7tvq3ss0fhbZ

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“他对学校的态度真的改变了,我想他不仅被同龄人欺负,还被老师欺负,老师坚持认为他能做些这个年龄无法做到的事,并能记住东西,他们给他很多负面评价^B3*oM~.(p!RHHg==。”

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他的母亲凯瑟琳·埃利森是获得过普利策奖的记者,她不明白为何儿子这般举止2pArs#UB,]。她承认自己的行为只能让儿子情况恶化YMyfPlEh2D6rlW)#

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“我很焦虑,不耐烦,不理解他,结果事情更糟糕%Z.&5Aexj((i~C|s[c;b。我有一次意识到我一段时间没有拥抱他了,因为当时我遇到困难,所以当他走进房间时我没有对他笑fdakFv;uf]f-[2.qg。”

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巴斯9岁时医生发现这个问题,他们说他有多动症J6l!^XXeO[c~Gr。像很多多动症儿童的父母一样,埃利森意识到自己也有这个问题,她当时已经快50岁了QMz3J%hA.bq2bRhIgm%,

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她说像很多多动症患者那样,多动症的生活就像是坐过山车,有起有落,有高潮和低潮HWmcMy_0Z&Z

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“像很多多动症患者那样,我也有人生的过山车m!]8,s7aT9mqp。比如,我做报社记者的第一年时因为犯下1100万美元的报道错误被起诉,两年后,我获得了普利策奖HMOGUci|p^vh-b5TCr。所以这就是多动症患者经常经历的事,能做了不起的事,也有令人耻辱、可怕的事uyzWFKwN&W+RkF。”

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所以,母亲和儿子合作写了这本书讲述了自己的体验,埃利森说她很高兴看到多动症成为自己和儿子的一个项目,而不是两人之间的战争~gz.dY%I=ZT1y

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“我和儿子从一起写合同开始,这很了不起,因为这就从认为这是件丢人的事变成了共同的商业项目r[G~pjl[P(X。我也知道他会和我合作,他想从这本书中获得1%的盈利,我愿意这么做,是因为突然我们成了伙伴,而不是敌人!vNnRtE7sR%df。”

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他们已经探索了一年的多动症,他们研究疗法和医生_(!r29hI(H!axx,b~~

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现在出现了越来越多的多动症,但这种病症仍有很多未知的地方,包括其起因t5dWIk6f6iv&ajN。美国和瑞典研究者发布一项研究,认为年长的父亲和多动症有关lWS#LgKVN,UYZBl。研究发现44岁以上父亲生育的孩子患有多动症的几率比一般孩子高13倍,美国医学会精神科期刊发表了这项研究Fy^5T]kY0PK

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彼得·列文是加州的一名儿科医生,这位医生专攻治疗儿童多动症,他说人们对多动症有很多误解)eWa[v+BLEcf

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“最大的误解之一就是父母们认为这是自己的过错*+ioeq#Nc(n492d。”

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他说别人也会指责这些父母MxM~0WQFQ97allN9f

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“别的父母也会指责,是因为他们看到这些孩子的行为,会说,‘你怎么回事?你怎么管不住自己的孩子?’所以父母们会指责自己wucg,o5lrcmE[)_CQ3f。另一个误解是认为这些孩子不会努力克制,因为事实上这些孩子们会比其他孩子更努力地控制自己的行为,这就导致了很多困难和挫折H^vO=Q)JY5ubz。”

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列文说治疗多动症的第一步就是直接面对这一事实rx^wSdJ=Sz%L_AN

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“在美国,一般的说法是儿童的确诊率是3%到7%之间,男孩中更常见,大约是三比一Xb+0Z)ZOzET。这是一种高度遗传的疾病,他们无法克服多动症P9q;Fctdp_0,s+Jkuc。我是说这不是你能甩掉的,三分之二的多动症儿童在成年后会遇到困难,这是无法治愈的,必须想办法来解决9omh4c;RLBrv8。”

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他说最有效的一个办法就是改变你的教养方式V5=(x0eqicScW+

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凯瑟琳·埃利森就是这么做的)lPdI&gU%(lmfQu

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她说现在对儿子给予了更多的关注,花更多时间和他在一起,不再那么主观,给他更多的正面评价syKh&Uvd_I^5kYL0

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巴斯对这些改变反应不错,他现在在家里和学校出问题的时候少了hmJ5Dj(rFb。更关注学业了,而且有了新的兴趣:打网球cFbF+VW~v9+oQZt

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这就是健康报道,我是安娜·马特奥D=1Ecn4g~n68#gN=VZB

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点击此处下载本期VOA慢速新闻讲解PDF与音频字幕

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重点单词
  • disordern. 杂乱,混乱 vt. 扰乱
  • issuen. 发行物,期刊号,争论点 vi. & vt 发行,流
  • willingadj. 愿意的,心甘情愿的
  • understandvt. 理解,懂,听说,获悉,将 ... 理解为,认为
  • criticaladj. 批评的,决定性的,危险的,挑剔的 adj. 临
  • previouslyadv. 先前,在此之前
  • hyperactivityn. 活动过度,极度活跃
  • elementaryadj. 基本的,初级的,元素的
  • psychiatryn. 精神病学
  • impatientadj. 不耐烦的,急躁的