VOA慢速英语(翻译+字幕+讲解):绿色植被有利于智力发展
日期:2015-07-10 11:21

(单词翻译:单击)

KNe0QFX^mm(&WohsmPof,,7B5uWyYbo

听力文本

%=tv.gMyxfXR99BO5&l

Welcome to the Health & Lifestyle report from VOA Learning English.

xZ84Dq&.AWxn3qupcAcE

It is not a secret that spending time outdoors is good for our health. The more we learn about the benefits of being in nature, the more sense it makes to get outside.

#DJimiJ3Xs#N[2|WBSV9

This could be especially important for school children.

,chVXlaJjV87NgL

New research suggests that kids may learn better when they are surrounded by greener spaces. Green spaces are spaces filled with vegetation – like trees, flowers and other plants.

t+kwI=@,mi+Dso

But these days, outdoor time is competing for a child's attention with indoor activities. Children may find it difficult to resist computers, television and electronic games.

Zl4+O2S]&bw_Tw+w,

So, in many parts of the world children are spending less and less time outdoors. All this indoor activity can hurt a child's physical and mental health.

8#(8=U63Ir,rWNq

But can it affect how well they do in school? Researchers in Barcelona, Spain and in the United States are trying to answer that question.

f!Gb0=3-MScA

The study of the enviroment on health

z.;0@.HANLli

Doctor Payam Dadvand works at the Centre for Research and Environmental Epidemiology in Barcelona. He and his team study how the environment affects health. The researchers wrote that, "Approximately one half of the world population lives in cities, and it is projected that by 2030, three of every five persons will live in urban areas worldwide."

Dt2.pYBv@lqs

Dr. Dadvand and his team studied more than 2,600 children from 36 schools in the city. The kids were seven to 10 years old. The researchers used information from satellites to learn how much green space surrounded each school.

D=P;P~.#3UtQ

Over one year, the children took computerized tests four times. The tests measured memory and attention span.

mqqYl~wxzvootxT*g

The researchers then created mathematical models to compare the amount of green spaces around the schools with the test scores.

3A@7D6r+bPdVFKwfK

The researchers found that the children with higher contact with green space had better ability to memorize. They were also more attentive. The team believes that good air quality is the main reason for the results. More trees means less air pollution.

qu3@r(io9JtP@,qi6u,g

Scientist Jordi Sunyer also worked on the study. Mr. Sunyer says that schools surrounded by greenery had less air pollution in the classrooms. So, it seems it's not just outdoor time that is good for children but outdoor time surrounded by clean air.

JfEL3hQ=6-oTtO5n6E(

"What these data are telling us is that a way to manage air pollution in the cities is increasing vegetation in the schools."

I+On|C5z&Q~M#Id

However, some experts question the use of satellite images to determine the amount of green space.

JoIftE#p9o6;c*_0

Satellite images would not show if the green spaces are actually useable, such as playgrounds and parks. Also, satellite images would not show if children actually come into contact with the green spaces.

r86Yi]d[IVT

Other experts say this study does not consider other factors that may play a part in a child's learning environment.

c=ELgfL.Tu

The Massachusetts study

,9|k#Fb48ERR3ZIh_Tr

But the findings of the Barcelona study seem to support a six-year study on elementary schools in the U.S. state of Massachusetts.

ry-pvl%VzuREB,ba

Researchers there studied students at 905 schools from 2006 to 2012. They found that students in schools that had more green spaces scored higher on standardized testing in English and math.

339lgcV6OGfu

The researchers in the Massachusetts study used more factors than the Barcelona study -- factors such as race, gender, English as a second language, parent income, student-teacher ratio and school attendance.

e_6b,ToX_qT*9l,@p~gy

The question of how green spaces affect learning is a new one.

@CcX5M#eq~d8woF~)W~

Lisa Freund is an expert in child psychology for the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. She says more studies are needed to learn why vegetation in and around schools improves mental ability.

sk~-U5mzE.8P

"There's something about being out in nature that can be very supportive of the human. But do we need the actual greenery around us? Do we just need pictures? We don't know."

N|#V_SOHM3f-

The Barcelona researchers published their study in the journal Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences. The Massachusetts researchers are from several universities in the United States and Taiwan. Their research can be found in PLOS ONE.

aU(.y+^ghb2g0@#y

And that's the Health & Lifestyle report from VOA Learning English.

g8Mc7!^1Xxwd(M+1.jM

I'm Anna Matteo.

j.0TGd,)[o^_d=saI

词汇解释

V1gcZ8@K2LRn|w*j

1.epidemiology n. 流行病学;传染病学

5QS12J#8[_*

They report the finding in the latest issue of the journal Epidemiology.
他们将此发现发布在了最近一期的流行病学杂志上@Iv9&v;]yhl[ba|P1KL

jAJzmDRlk+k,RB_KvQ6

2.mathematical adj. 数学的,数学上的;精确的

R&Y)=_jO%MHcVssy^^A

Anyone can be an astrologer as long as they are mathematically minded.
任何人都可能成为占星家,只要他们具有数学头脑;N(*FM%bR^_i|d

|GdEC|U|o#eGejkj

3.greenery n. 绿色植物;温室

qWr0ewiS7UO4hXtC9;YS

Adriana misses the trees and greenery of her native mountains.
阿德里安娜想念家乡高山上的那些树和青葱的草木SWhSC^2RZ^_ak

*T~#z%Y!W#fBFYQ

4.proceedings n. 诉讼;行动(proceeding的复数形式);会议记录;议程

GdeYHEZDsp-BHC

The Department of Transport is to publish the conference proceedings.
交通部将公布这次会议的记录xi;%@*LGt-1!-k

gookw%;*9ol%k

内容解析

%QYO6fW-6e

%dwU^=~|KBeO

1.But these days, outdoor time is competing for a child's attention with indoor activities.

!AX)u%=^7ZG46JU

compete for 角逐,竞争;为…比赛

)|XnT&c2;;B

They will compete for prizes totalling nearly 3,000 pound.
他们将为总额近3,000英镑的奖金展开争夺8HqNw[8e5Wc1ny|Cp1;h

@)!!H*[[+83RP5#*q5N

Dubbed foreign language films will not be allowed to compete for best film.
外国译制片不得参加最佳影片的角逐4.S~E)XC.RYKUt+8

,agLR9Fw)cd3|HAa


2.Other experts say this study does not consider other factors that may play a part in a child's learning environment.

%OGWCpv3.z

play a part in 参与;起作用;扮演角色

3sVW10Ke_,SzF1qNT

It is ingenuous to suppose that money did not play a part in his decision.
如果以为他的决定没有金钱的因素,那就太天真了R|DHqcqH2&

Hg#CXJMU*7zB5

They played a part in the life of their community.
他们参与到了自己社区的生活中,cv[@mJgm.By

x2Eq6!Ggob*ZmL|YVfdZ

v%Bxv._DV8PWJ!k&

参考译文

HBXeIa7t[l#b#

这里是美国之音慢速英语健康和生活方式报道V37(83#&^VV*

^Elr87ujtzYrirOFFH

户外活动对健康有益,这一点不是秘密7E%]*1aR8aaQJ。我们越了解大自然的好处,户外活动就越有意义ed&7I.nLxQ!

t8LHDxkTS~2bkHej,Ki

户外活动对学校的孩子们来说尤为重要p7gPeV8cCg[Xw

L#X;xmSwl%sR3sZ(+hGX

新的研究表明,孩子们在绿色环境下能学得更好,绿色空间就是满是树木和花卉等植物的植被tC%9]5#%*UAe*p(Vub.

yIfHegT##e

但是现在,户外活动得和室内活动同时竞争孩子的注意力,孩子们可能发现很难抵抗电脑、电视和电子游戏的诱惑aCiZ[xtNi![ZQ*jVY&+)

N48J%gZX(1pPhE,(S3

所以在全世界很多地方,孩子们花在户外的时间越来越少,所有这些室内活动可能会损害孩子的生理和心理健康lc_|@]CBT0;7S&bMe1!

dpRwi1#Zn]#fFa)y3dw

但它是否能影响孩子的学业呢?西班牙巴塞罗那和美国的研究者们希望找到答案^(!Z.CEaKC

J@[lArHFcb]z=#ra^

Payam Dadvand博士就职于巴塞罗那环境流行病学研究中心,他和他的团队研究环境如何影响健康^ND[~^tT82LZK;29WdN。研究者们写道,“全世界大约有一半的人居住在城市,预计到2030年,全世界每五个人中就有三个生活在城市地区H%Z+-ziM.RFU^o。”

=vM.Kz#aO2WZ

Dadvand博士和他的团队研究了该市36所学校的2600多名学生,这些孩子年龄在7到10岁之间(pFjMV6_[,z_zf&;sM;9。研究者使用卫星数据来了解每所学校周围有多少绿色空间)B[0iZm.IU!LKgU1cF

H6T~GEAEyP[x

这些孩子在一年时间内进行了四次计算机测试,这些测试衡量记忆力和注意力3Rs*yszMmf#Rm

~Syh%+W9(Ef;VY9OX

研究者然后制作数学模型来将测试结果与学校周围的绿色空间量进行对比0BjK^e%1=V*wI2lW

icZqEZ=nD~DORM0

研究者发现,更多地接触绿色空间的孩子其记忆力更好,他们也更专注T(!pn_-1P2b7ocMnRb。该团队认为良好的空气质量是导致该结果的主要原因,更多的树木意味着更少的空气污染8~ZS;jCLDTh4fD7Eg

*3q|VpeAZ!JkWp-2@

科学家佐迪·桑德也参与了该研究,他说被植被包围的学校其教室里空气污染较轻,因此,并非是户外活动对孩子有益,而是被清洁空气包围的户外活动对孩子有益m6s)zd]7CWN#5g6X=uD

uVC5~iLAdhnznf

“这些数据告诉我们的是,管理城市空气污染的办法就是增加学校里的植被r@holiW]z&duwr8。”

*~v7#tLtZ-0tS2IA

然而,一些专家对使用卫星图像来判定绿色空间的办法表示质疑w]Ne]kC[iJK-5t;ooO

,_M|Tp-qyU

卫星图像并不现实绿色空间是否有用,比如操场和公园RpXd!UYRXXSL。而且,卫星图像不会显示孩子们是否与绿色空间接触#)%|P[8M|cRwnpU

=rtX(%uF!6ieRZ-

其他专家称该研究并没有考虑到其他可能影响孩子学习环境的因素oIoT^AcKR5

Lz,XQ]hqsgjVblj

但巴塞罗那研究的结果似乎支持了对美国马萨诸塞州小学为期6年的研究3iz,!KJB+uVBhI

n9]kcznh*UAwhbD3xw[h

那里的研究者们从2006年到2012年研究了905所学校的学生,他们发现绿色空间更多学校的孩子们,其在英语和数学标准化测试中的分数更高VosmV)n.EA#S2

Y4PJRr9G1f+,gemZ]O

参与马萨诸塞州研究的研究者们比巴塞罗那研究者使用更多的因素,比如种族、性别、英语作为第二语言、父母收入、学生教师比例和学校出勤率cFqJuxk3VmWZvg

4y[j1KRH]_EE,v;3o9Qu

绿地如何影响学习,这是个新问题Wteq;GY*Gjjai

i3c.3k_HW2

丽萨·弗罗因德是美国国家儿童保健和人类发育研究所的儿童心理专家,她说需要进行更多研究来了解为何学校内外的绿地能改善心理能力9=d5@@Tg~9tdo7lAmi

#j[+JYG1g@RgG2ZJVx@Z

“身处大自然中对人类很有益处,但我们需要的是真实的绿化还是只需要照片?这一点我们并不知道~+B]MLWxdG&wU**hk。”

#z=S!^nqVq6

巴塞罗那研究者们将研究结果发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》上,马萨诸塞州的研究人员来自美国和台湾的几所高校,他们的研究可以在《公共科学图书馆期刊》上找到r.l74E.@ny)kDH

[BZmTq2)M+.U7k!oi0Ik

这就是美国之音慢速英语健康与生活方式报道HpW(6XM0-FG

ea!xlN*|DOT_h3DTBS[

我是安娜·马特奥xzUT+#gRts*l

BKRpI%4;L7J(k7CTJ

译文为可可英语翻译,未经授权请勿转载!

wvF&h43-tig_3#cGpqEX(QCUOE9wn~Sr7w[D46320iqc
分享到