VOA慢速英语(翻译+字幕+讲解):自闭症与环境污染的关联
日期:2015-02-09 12:52

(单词翻译:单击)

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听力文本

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From VOA Learning English, this is the Health & Lifestyle Report.

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Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental disability. People with autism have trouble communicating and with social skills. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says the person also might repeat some behaviors and not want change in their daily activities. Some people with the condition need a lot of help. Others need less.

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CDC officials say autism affects one in every 68 children in the United States. More boys than girls are believed to have the condition. But the number of cases appears to be growing. It is unclear whether the growing number shows a real increase or comes from more knowledge about this disorder.

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Symptoms of autism

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Common signs of autism include trouble making eye contact and a delay in learning how to speak. Some people with severe autism never learn how to talk. Many people with autism also have difficulty understanding facial expressions and the feelings of others. They also have trouble making friends of the same age.

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Doctors have learned how to recognize autism, but much is still unknown about its causes.

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Researchers at Harvard University have come closer to finding answers. They found that women exposed to the highest levels of fine particulate air pollution late in their pregnancies are two times more likely to give birth to a child with autism. The findings appeared in Environmental Health Perspectives -- a publication of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.

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Marc Weisskopf led the Harvard researchers. Mr. Weisskopf studies environmental conditions that cause sickness, developmental disabilities and deaths. He and his team studied women who were late in their pregnancies, shortly before they gave birth. In all, they examined medical records from all 50 U.S. states for about 116,000 mothers and their children.

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The study found that the women who were around high levels of fine particulate matter air pollution were at highest risk of having an autistic child. The increased risk of these women was two times that of women who lived in areas with low levels of fine particulate pollution.

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The researchers found that the timing of exposure to pollution was important. They found no increased risk of autism in children whose mothers were around high levels of pollution before becoming pregnant. And the study found air pollution does not seem to increase the risk of children developing autism after they are born.

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Marc Weisskopf says this finding does not prove there is a direct link between pollution and autism. But, he adds, it has ratcheted up, or increased, his team's confidence that there is a relationship between the two.

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"Finding an association like this that's very specific in time rules out a lot of other possible explanations for that. So, it really ratchets up the strength of our confidence that we've got something really related to the air pollution here."

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What can pregnant women do?

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Mr. Weisskopf says pregnant women should avoid air pollution as much as possible. But he warns that other things may increase the risk of autism spectrum disorder.

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"You can avoid being in extremely polluted cities during pregnancy if possible. You can also choose to go running in a park rather than next to a street. But that said, I think also it's very important to recognize that autism spectrum disorders is a very multi-factorial disorder. And there are lots of reasons why risk could be increased."

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Autism is believed to result from a combination of environmental and genetic factors.

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Autism Speaks is an organization that helps families with autistic children. Paul Wang is head of medical research at Autism Speaks. He says the findings are very compelling. He notes that during the last three months of pregnancy, the brain of the fetus develops very quickly. He says the study does not change his group's main suggestion: focus on treatment and educational therapies.

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"For parents of children who have already been diagnosed, the focus should continue to be on treatment for them, on the behavioral, educational therapies that are available and that we know can help kids who are diagnosed with autism."

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For now, Marc Weisskopf says researchers are trying to identify the exact substances in air pollution that increase the risk of autism.

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And that's the Health and Lifestyle Report from VOA Learning English. I'm Anna Matteo.

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译文为可可英语原创翻译,未经授权请勿转载!

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词汇解释

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1.autism n. [心理][内科] 孤独症;自我中心主义

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Einstein and Newton may have had a form of autism.
爱因斯坦与牛顿可能患有某种类型的自闭症A%[X=+1zjThv#yS2

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2.particulate adj. 微粒的 n. 微粒,微粒状物质

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These particulate creatures are hardly visible to the naked eyes.
这些微小的生物肉眼几乎看不见FSY94bSOR^0zH[,rq@6Y

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3.compelling adj. 引人注目的;强制的;激发兴趣的 v. 强迫;以强力获得(compel的ing形式)

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Factual and forensic evidence makes a suicide verdict the most compelling answer to the mystery of his death.
事实和法庭证据使自杀的判定成为对他死亡之谜最令人信服的解答jNGW*ag@C)

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4.fetus n. 胎儿,胎

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Pregnant women who are heavy drinkers risk damaging the unborn fetus.
酗酒的孕妇冒有伤害胎儿的危险f)TJ^G)ePt-h]l

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内容解析

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1.So, it really ratchets up the strength of our confidence that we've got something really related to the air pollution here.

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ratchet up 逐渐升高;略微调高

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He fears inflation will ratchet up as the year ends.
他担心通胀会随着年底临近而只升不降4)24*GEkCq3rY7

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Audiences' expectations are ratcheted up as they are exposed to high-budget productions.
观众看过高成本影片后期望会相应上升qxN;VQa8k1Ci4qZ

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参考译文

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这里是美国之音慢速英语健康和生活方式报道^_Ti+~a!Znb0m_0yuv

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自闭症谱系障碍是一种发育障碍,自闭症患者在沟通和社交节能方面存在障碍ep59SR!A&A=。美国疾病控制和预防中心称患者可能还会重复一些行为,且不想改变日常活动,有的患者需要很多帮助,有的需要较少帮助BghgjCwwTC79LXKGX2

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疾病控制和预防中心称在美国,每68个儿童中就有一个自闭症患者m+J]US;40YWRM7K。据悉患有该病的男孩多余女孩,但病例数似乎越来越多,尚不清楚人数的增多究竟是真的增长,还是人们对这种疾病认识的增多g313RE%)w52

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自闭症的一般症状包括眼神接触障碍和学说话迟缓TBp[4Y3VLi。一些严重的自闭症患者根本无法学会说话,有些严重的自闭症患者很难理解别人的面部表情和感觉,他们在结交同龄人时也有困难nrT-As4.TXY

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医生们知道如何识别自闭症,但对其病因仍知之甚少x1djMFs1+ZsqJM

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哈佛大学的研究者们几乎就要找到真相了,他们发现怀孕晚期处在高浓度空气污染物颗粒的妇女生下自闭症儿童的可能翻了两倍,该发现发表在美国环境健康科学研究所发行的《环境健康展望》上&uo8a(iGWVewK

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马克·韦斯科普夫是这些哈佛研究员的负责人,他从事导致疾病、发育性残疾和死亡的环境因素7S|Qrmh4hy6yW!dAsPO。他和团队研究了怀孕后期即待产的妇女,他们一共检查了来自美国50个州的11.6万份母婴医疗记录8U_6fnhj_&wN

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研究发现,处在高水平细颗粒物空气污染的女性生下自闭症儿童的风险最高,与处于低水平污染细颗粒环境的妇女相比,她们面临的风险增加了两倍jSkp6j,Iv0,p!,w8MI1

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研究人员发现,接触污染的时机非常重要8F7+f0kdZS。他们发现,在怀孕前接触高污染的母亲生下自闭症儿童的风险没有增加.7+euB(3*FNI43+b%。该研究还发现,空气污染似乎并未增加出生后儿童患上自闭症的风险p*,4,1uKPtubHU

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韦斯科普夫称该结果表并不能证明污染和自闭症之间有直接联系-VZ!.Q~VgFwh_gq&。但他说该研究结果增加了他的团队对两者之间存在联系的信心eoG+w^#_DMXUis0

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“找到这样的关联性就能排除其他可能的解释,所以这提升了我们的信心,让我们相信自己找到了与空气污染的关系GYE_eN34rn]x5GYi[o。”

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韦斯科普夫称孕妇应该尽可能避免接触污染空气,但他警告说,其他因素也可能增加自闭症谱系障碍的风险![CZ[,tdY,

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“如有可能,在孕期要避免生活在污染很严重的城市,你可以去公园跑步,而不是到街头跑步oHwmt68-,#a。但尽管如此,我还重要的是要认识到,自闭症谱系障碍是一种由多因素导致的疾病,可能导致风险增加的因素很多,fYevrZg^oMY1。”

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据悉自闭症是由环境和遗传因素共同作用导致的疾病]EDl8AbL]++.6

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自闭者之声是一个帮助自闭症患者家庭的组织,保罗·王是该组织的医学研究负责人1rB68KIR-M。他说该发现很有说服力,他说在孕期的最后三个月,胎儿的大脑发育非常快,他说该研究并没有改变本组织的主要建议:关注治疗和教育疗法!W(UsTdMke-(N-j9

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他说,“对已经确诊儿童的父母来说,重点应该是继续对他们进行治疗,继续采用已有的行为和教育疗法,我们知道这些可以帮助被诊断患有自闭症的孩子H[!.(VyzRH#k#,!fG。”

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韦斯科普夫称目前正在努力识别空气污染物中增加自闭症风险的确切物质v-bJ+lM3P*k6T&r

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这就是美国之音慢速英语健康和生活方式报道,我是安娜·马特奥|,H0R!)V(0VOg2Z%

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译文为可可英语翻译,未经授权请勿转载!

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重点单词
  • disabilityn. 无力,无能,残疾
  • availableadj. 可用的,可得到的,有用的,有效的
  • socialadj. 社会的,社交的 n. 社交聚会
  • instituten. 学会,学院,协会 vt. 创立,开始,制定
  • pregnancyn. 怀孕
  • delayv. 耽搁,推迟,延误 n. 耽搁,推迟,延期
  • extremelyadv. 极其,非常
  • specificadj. 特殊的,明确的,具有特效的 n. 特效药,特性
  • verdictn. 裁定,定论
  • recognizevt. 认出,认可,承认,意识到,表示感激