惯用口语

1.惯用口语句子：

A computer virus is a computer program that can copy itself and infect a computer without permission or knowledge of the user.
电脑病毒就是一个电脑程序，它能自我复制并在未经用户允许或者在用户毫不知情的情况下感染其计算机。
virus n. 病毒
program n. 程序
infect v. 感染，使受影响
permission n. 允许，许可
knowledge n. 知道，了解，知识

An E-mail virus travels as an attachment, and usually automatically mails itself to all the people in the victim's E-mail address book.
电子邮件病毒以附件形式传播，通常会自动群发给被感染用户邮箱通讯薄里的所有人。
A virus must be attached to the E-mail to infect an executable program.
病毒只能附在电子邮件上以感柒可执行性程序。
attachment n. 附件
automatically ad. 自动地
victim n. 受害者
attach v. 附加，附上
executable a. 可执行的，实行的
address book“通讯录”

A Trojan horse is simply a computer program.
木马病毒只是个计算机程序。
This kind of program claims to do one thing ( it may claim to be a game ) , but instead does damage when you run it.
这种程序宣称是用于某种用途（可能说自己是个游戏），但当你运行它的时候就会造成破坏。
claim v. 宣称，声称
damage n. & v. 损害，伤害
Trojan horse“特洛伊木马”（亦指“木马病毒”）
do damage“造成破坏”

A worm is a small piece of software that uses computer networks and security holes to replicate itself.
蠕虫病毒是一种小软件，它利用计算机网络和安全漏涓来进行自我复制。
worm n. 虫，蠕虫
software n. 软件
network n. 网络
security n. 安全，安全性
replicate v. 复制

How does a virus infect a computer?
病毒是如何感染电脑的？
Once attached to the host program, the viruses then look for other programs to "infect". In this way. the virus can spread quickly throughout a hard disk or an entire organization when it infects a LAN or a multi-user system.
病毒程序一旦附加到一个主程序上，就开始寻找其他可以进行“感染”的程序。这样，病毒就能很快布满整个硬盘，如果病毒感染了一个局城网或者一个多用户系统，那么它就会在整个组织内进行扩散。
host n. 主人，宿主
hard disk“硬盘”
LAN是local area network的缩写，指“局部区域网络”，简称“局域网”。

The mode of attack varies.
攻击的方式是各种各样的。
So-called "benign" viruses might simply display a message. Malignant viruses are designed to damage the system. The attack is to wipe out data. to delete flies. or to format the hard disk.
所谓的“良性”病毒可能只是简单地显示一条消息。恶性病毒是被设计出来破坏系统的。常见的攻击方式是消除数据、删除文件或者格式化硬盘。
mode n. 模式 vary v. 变化，呈多样化
so-called a. 所谓的 benign a. 良性的
malignant a. 恶意的，恶性的 delete v. 删除
format v. 格式化
wipe out“删除，清除”

Viruses can have a devastating effect, disrupting productivity and doing billions of dollars in damages.
病毒可以造成毁灭性的后果，还可以破坏生产力并造成数十亿美元的损失。
devastating a. 毁灭性的，破坏性的
effect n. 结果，效果，影响
disrupt v. 破坏，扰乱，使中断
productivity n. 生产力
billion n. 十亿

The virus made my computer crash and I lost three hours' work.
病毒使我的电脑死机了，我三个小时的工作白做了。
crash n. & v. （电脑）死机
three hours' work=three hours of work.这两种说法都可以。

There are four main types of viruses: shell, intrusive, operating system and source code.
有四种类型的病毒程序：外壳型、入侵型、搡作系统型和源码型。
shell n.壳
intrusive a. 侵入的
source n. 来源，根源
code n. 代码，编码

So far the Internet has become the main channel through which the computer viruses spread.
迄今为止，因特网已成为电脑病毒传播的主要渠道。
Viruses also spread through downloads on the Internet.
病毒也通过网络下栽进行传播。
channel n. 渠道，通道
spread v. 传播（过去式、过去分词均为spread）
download n. & v. 下载
so far“迄今为止，到目前为止”

Please tell me how to protect our computer against viruses.
请告诉我怎样才能使我们的电脑免受病毒的攻击。
To help avoid viruses. you should keep your computer current with the latest updates and anti-virus tools, stay informed about recent threats. and follow a few basic rules when you surf the Internet. download files and open attachments.
为了有助于避免染上病毒，你应该将你的计算机随时更新，并装备最新的杀毒工具，你要知晓最近的病毒威胁，还有在上网冲浪、下栽文件和打开附件的时候要遵循一些基本规则。
avoid v. 避开，避免
current a. 现时的，当前的
update n. & v. 更新
tool n. 工具
stay v. 保持
informed a. 知晓的，消息灵通的
threat n. 威胁，恐吓
surf v. 冲浪
protect sb./sth. against..．表示“保护某人或某物免受(…)侵害”
anti-virus意思是“防病毒的”，其中“anti”是表示否定的前缀。

You may try Kaspersky anti-virus software.
你可以试试卡巴斯基杀毒软件。
How to remove this type of virus?
怎么杀／清除这种病毒？
What anti-virus software have you tried?
你试过什么杀毒软件？
remove v. 清除，去除

实用对话

2.实用对话

Talking about Computer Viruses谈论电脑病毒

Julia: My computer crashed when I opened an E-mail attachment yesterday.
朱莉娅：昨天我打开一个电子邮件附件的时候，电脑死机了。
Sergio: It might've been infected with a virus.
塞吉奥：可能是感染病毒了。
Julia: Virus? E-mails can carry viruses?
朱莉娅：病毒？电子邮件也会带病毒？
Sergio: Viruses are most easily spread through E-mail attachments. That is why it is essential that you never open E-mail attachments unless you know who it's from.
塞吉奥：病毒最容易通电子邮件附件传播了。这就是为什么你如果不知道电子邮件的来源时千万不要打开其附件的原因。
Julia: So if I open an E-mail with such an attachment, my computer would get infected at once?
朱莉娅：那如果我打开带这种附件的电子邮件，我的电脑就会立刻受到感染，是吗？
Sergio: Well, not exactly. The E-mail itself is not a virus. A virus must be attached to the E-mail to infect an executable program. To be more exact, viruses are executable
files. Since E-mails are not system files, they cannot infect
your computer.
塞吉奥：嗯，不完全是那样。电子邮件本身并不是病毒。病毒只能附在电子邮件上以感染可执行性程序。更确切地说，病毒就是可执行性文件。因为电子邮件并不是系统文件，所以不会感染你的电脑。
Julia: But the attachment isn't like that, is it?
朱莉娅：但附件就不是那样了，对吧？
Sergio: Yes. If you download a file attached to an E-mail and run it, there is a chance that the file may contain a virus. You may try Kaspersky anti-virus software.
塞吉奥：对。如果你下载了邮件所带的附件并运行了它，那个文件就可能带有病毒。你可以试试卡巴斯基杀毒软件。
Julia : I see. Thank you very much.
朱莉娅：我明白了。非常感谢。

详细解说

3.详细解说

1.“to be more exact”意为“更确切地说”，是由“to be exact'’转变过来的。“to be exact”为正式用法，用来强调要说的是准确的，可译为“准确地说，确切地说”。例如：She has worked
at the bank for many years，nine to be exact.（她在银行工作了很多年，准确地说有九年了。）It was more than 20 years ago，to be exact.（确切地说，那是20岁年前的事了。）Most of it
is used for irrigation - 80 percent of it, to be exact. (大部分用于灌溉——确切地说，是80%。)-I still owe you，don't I?- Actually，it's
$30 to be exact.（-我还欠着你的钱，不是吗？-实际上，准确的说，是欠我30美元。）

文化洗礼

4.文化洗礼