CATTI二级口译精讲第42讲讲义

篇章翻译

The arrival of the new millennium is an occasion for celebration and reflection.1The world did celebrate as the clock struck midnight2 on New Year's Eve, in one time zone after another, from Kiribati and Fiji westward around the globe to Samoa. People of all cultures joined in — not only those for whom the millennium might be thought to have a special significance.

The Great Wall of China and the Pyramids of Giza were lit as brightly as Manger Square in Bethlehem and St. Peter's Square in Rome.3 Tokyo, Jakarta and New Delhi joined Sydney, Moscow, Paris, New York, Rio de Janeiro and hundreds of other cities in hosting millennial festivities. Children's faces reflected the candlelight from Spitsbergen in Norway to Robben Island in South Africa. For 24 hours the human family celebrated its unity through an unprecedented display of its rich diversity.

The Millennium Summit affords an opportunity for reflection. The General Assembly convened this gathering of Heads of State and Government to address the role of the United Nations in the twenty-first century. Both the occasion and the subject require us to step back from today's headlines and take a broader, longer-term view — of the state of the world and the challenges it poses for this Organization.

There is much to be grateful for. Most people today can expect to live longer than their parents, let alone their more remote ancestors. They are better nourished, enjoy better health, are better educated, and on the whole face more favorable economic prospects.

There are also many things to deplore, and to correct. The century just ended was disfigured, time and again, by ruthless conflict. Grinding poverty and striking inequality persist within and among countries even amidst unprecedented wealth. Diseases, old and new, threaten to undo painstaking progress. Nature's life-sustaining services, on which our species depends for its survival, are being seriously disrupted and degraded by our own everyday activities.4 The world's people look to their leaders, when they gather at the Millennium Summit, to identify and act on the major challenges ahead.

The United Nations can succeed in helping to meet those challenges only if all of us feel a renewed sense of mission about our common endeavor.5 We need to remind ourselves why the United Nations exists — for what, and for whom. We also need to ask ourselves what kind of United Nations the world's leaders are prepared to support, in deeds as well as words. Clear answers are necessary to energize and focus the Organization's work in the decades ahead. It is those answers that the Millennium Summit must provide.

Of course, the United Nations exists to serve its Member States. It is the only body of its kind with universal membership and comprehensive scope, and encompassing so many areas of human endeavor.6 These features make it a uniquely useful forum — for sharing information, conducting negotiations, elaborating norms and voicing expectations, coordinating the behavior of states and other actors, and pursuing common plans of action. We must ensure that the United Nations performs these functions as efficiently and effectively as possible.

The United Nations is more than a mere tool, however. As its Charter makes clear, the United Nations was intended to introduce new principles into international relations, making a qualitative difference to their day-to-day conduct. The Charter's very first Article defines our purposes: resolving disputes by peaceful means; devising cooperative solutions to economic, social, cultural and humanitarian problems; and broadly encouraging behavior in conformity with the principles of justice and international law. In other words, quite apart from whatever practical tasks the United Nations is asked to perform, it has the avowed purpose of transforming relations among states, and the methods by which the world's affairs are managed.

Nor is that all. For even though the United Nations is an organization of states, the Charter is written in the name of “we the peoples”. It reaffirms the dignity and worth of the human person, respect for human rights and the equal rights of men and women, and a commitment to social progress as measured by better standards of life, in freedom from want and fear alike.7 Ultimately, then, the United Nations exists for, and must serve, the needs and hopes of people everywhere.

For its first 45 years, the United Nations lived in the grip of the cold war, prevented from fulfilling some of its core missions but discovering other critical tasks in that conflict's shadow. For 10 years now, the United Nations has been buffeted by the tumultuous changes of the new era, doing good work in many instances but falling short in others. Now, the Millennium Summit offers the world's leaders an unparalleled opportunity to reshape the United Nations well into the twenty-first century, enabling it to make a real and measurable difference to people's lives.

I respectfully submit the present report to Member States to facilitate their preparations for the Summit and to stimulate their subsequent deliberations at the Summit. The report identifies some of the pressing challenges faced by the world's people that fall within the United Nations ambit. It proposes a number of priorities for Member States to consider, and it recommends several immediate steps that we can take at the Summit itself, to lift people's spirits and improve their lives.

All these proposals are set in the context of globalization, which is transforming the world as we enter the twenty-first century. In this new era, people's actions constantly—if often unwittingly—affect the lives of others living far away. Globalization offers great opportunities, but at present its benefits are very unevenly distributed while its costs are borne by all.

Thus the central challenge we face today is to ensure that globalization becomes a positive force for all the world's people, instead of leaving billions of them behind in squalor. Inclusive globalization must be built on the great enabling force of the market, but market forces alone will not achieve it. It requires a broader effort to create a shared future, based upon our common humanity in all its diversity.

That in turn requires that we think afresh about how we manage our joint activities and our shared interests, for many challenges that we confront today are beyond the reach of any state to meet on its own. At the national level we must govern better, and at the international level we must learn to govern better together. Effective states are essential for both tasks, and their capacity for both needs strengthening. We must also adapt international institutions, through which states govern together, to the realities of the new era.8 We must form coalitions for change, often with partners well beyond the precincts of officialdom.

No shift in the way we think or act can be more critical than this: we must put people at the centre of everything we do. No calling is more noble, and no responsibility greater, than that of enabling men, women and children, in cities and villages around the world, to make their lives better. Only when that begins to happen will we know that globalization is indeed becoming inclusive, allowing everyone to share its opportunities.

We must do more than talk about our future, however.9 We must start to create it, now. Let the Millennium Summit signal the renewed commitment of Member States to their United Nations, by agreeing on our common vision.10 Let the world's leaders prove their commitment by acting on it as soon as they return home.

中文翻译

新千年的来临使我们有机会庆祝和反思。除夕之夜钟声敲响的时候，举世欢腾，一个时区接着一个时区，从基里巴斯和斐济，向西环绕地球，一直到萨摩亚，不仅是那些认为新千年具有特殊意义的人在庆祝，全世界各种不同文化背景的人们都在庆祝。

中国的长城和吉萨的金字塔灯火辉煌，伯利恒马槽广场和罗马圣彼得广场宛如白昼。东京、雅加达、新德里、悉尼、莫斯科、巴黎、纽约、里约热内卢和其他成百上千个城市都举办了新千年庆祝活动。从挪威的斯匹次卑尔根群岛到南非的罗本岛，烛光照亮了孩子们的脸庞。在这24小时里，人类大家庭第一次地展示出了它丰富的多样性，庆祝了人类的团结。

千年峰会给我们提供了一个反思的机会。联合国大会召开这次国家元首和政府首脑会议，是为了讨论联合国在二十一世纪的作用。参加这样的会议、讨论这样的议题，我们都应该把今天的头条新闻放到一边，以更开阔的眼界、更长远的目光审视世界现状及其对联合国提出的挑战。

我们应该对许多事情心怀感激。今天，大多数人都可以预言自己比父母的寿命长，与前几辈人相比，就更不用说了。而且现在的人营养更好、身体更健康、受教育程度更高，总体上看经济前景也更好。

也有许多事情令人惋惜，需要纠正。刚刚过去的世纪，曾一次又一次地遭到惨烈冲突的破坏。在各国内部和国家之间，即便富裕空前，依然存在着触目惊心的贫困和不公。新旧疾病有可能把费尽艰辛取得的进步一笔勾销。人类自身的日常活动正在严重破坏和恶化我们赖以生存的大自然生命维持系统。世界领导人云集千年峰会之际，全世界人民期望他们能够确定未来的重大挑战，并采取行动。

我们大家必须对共同的事业重新树立使命感，只有这样，联合国才能成功地帮助我们应对这些挑战。我们要问问自己，联合国为什么存在，出于什么目的存在？为了谁的利益存在？我们还要问自己，各国领导人在口头和行动上准备支持什么样的联合国？在未来几十年里，联合国要集中力量、生气勃勃地开展工作，就必须首先弄清楚这些问题。千年峰会必须就这些问题作出回答。

当然，联合国是为会员国服务的。它是唯一的一个成员具有普遍性、工作范围包罗万象的组织，涉及众多的人类活动领域。这些特色使联合国成为一个独特的有益讲坛，在这里，人们可以交流信息，进行协商，拟定准则，申明期望，协调国家和其他行为者的活动，实施共同的行动计划。我们必须确保联合国尽可能切实有效地发挥这些职能。

但是，联合国不仅仅是个工具。《联合国宪章》明确表示，联合国要在国际关系中引入新的原则，使日常国际交往发生质的变化。《宪章》第一条规定了联合国的宗旨：以和平手段解决争端；就经济、社会、文化和人道主义问题拟定合作解决方案；广泛鼓励符合正义和国际法原则的行为。换句话说，除了要完成各项实际任务之外，联合国的明确宗旨是改变国与国之间的关系和对世界事务的管理方法。

但这还不是全部。因为尽管联合国是一个由国家组成的组织，但《宪章》是以“我们各国人民”的名义制定的。《宪章》重申人的尊严与价值，尊重人权和男女平等权利，致力于提高人民生活水平、消除匮乏和恐惧，实现社会进步。归根结蒂，联合国是为全世界人民的需要和希望而建立的，必须为此目的服务。

在联合国成立后的45年里，它被冷战所控制，无法完成一些核心的使命，但在冷战的阴影里却发现了其他重要任务。最近10年，联合国受到新时代剧变的冲击，许多时候表现良好，但也有时表现欠佳。现在，千年峰会给各国领导人提供了无与伦比的好机会，重塑二十一世纪的联合国，使之能给人民的生活带来切实的、可衡量的变化。

我谨向会员国提交本报告，以便它们为峰会做准备，并促使它们随后在峰会上进行审议。本报告阐述了世界人民面临的在联合国职权范围之内的一些紧迫挑战，提出了一些要优先考虑的问题，还提出了我们在峰会上能够立即采取的若干步骤，以振作人们的精神，改善他们的生活。

进入二十一世纪之际，全球化正改变着世界，上述这些建议都是在全球化的背景下提出的。在这个新时代，人们的行动总是在不知不觉中影响着千里之外别人的生活。全球化带来巨大的机遇，但是目前全球化的利益分配不均，而其代价却由所有人共同承担。

因此，我们今天面临的主要挑战就是确保全球化成为对全世界人民有益的积极力量，而不应任由几十亿人继续陷于贫困。实现包括所有人的全球化，必须借助市场这个强大的推动力量，但是，仅靠市场力量仍是无法实现的。必须以人类的共同性和多样性为本，为创造共同的未来，做出更广泛的努力。

这又要求我们重新考虑如何管理我们的共同活动和共同利益，我们今天面临的许多挑战，任何国家都无法独自面对。在国家一级，我们必须更好地治理。在国际一级，我们必须学会更好地共同治理。有效的国家机器对于这两项任务都至关重要，国家在这两方面的能力都需要加强。各国是通过国际机构实施共同治理的，所以我们还必须使国际机构适应新时代的现状，必须组成联盟推动变革，并与非官方组织开展经常性合作。

我们在思维方式或行为方法上最重要的转变就是：我们的一切工作必须以人为本。让世界各地城镇乡村的男女老少都有能力改善自己的生活，没有任何号召比这更崇高，没有任何责任比这更重大。只有这样，我们才能确信全球化确实具有了包容性，能让每个人都分享它带来的机遇。

然而，我们绝不能只是空谈未来，必须现在就开始创造未来。希望在千年峰会上各会员国能就我们的共同理想达成共识，并对联合国再次做出承诺。希望各国领导人回国后立即采取行动，履行自己的承诺。