人事部CATTI二级口译课程培训(MP3+讲义) 第18讲
日期:2014-07-24 10:44

(单词翻译:单击)

CATTI二级口译精讲第18讲讲义

篇章练习(下)

Chair,Secretary of State for Health and Human Services, Colleagues and Friends,

It is a great pleasure for me to be with you all here today.We gather with a sense of optimism. Firstly, because overall smoking figures are showing positive trends in the U.S. and in other industrialized countries; secondly, because the situation and terms of the fight against tobacco have changed dramatically. //

The battle has been underway for over 50 years. The first big change occurred thirty six years ago, when Luther Terry introduced his landmark Surgeon General report. The damaging health effects of tobacco were clearly stated1. Tobacco gives rise to cancer. Tobacco kills. This became the foundation for policies to curb the tobacco epidemic in a number of countries around the world2. //

The second big change took place in the last three years. Through a number of court verdicts and inquiries, another fundamental principle has emerged. Tobacco companies should be accountable for the harm caused by tobacco use. This principle will guide policy and public opinion in the future. It is also a principle which the tobacco companies will have to consider when they plan their future strategies.//

Unfortunately, optimism about progress is not universal3. Anyone who believes that we are winning the battle against tobacco should take a look at the global figures.What they will see is an emerging epidemic. As we have already heard, worldwide mortality from tobacco is likely to rise from about 4 million deaths a year in 1998 to about 10 million a year in 2030. In public health terms, this is comparable to the HIV epidemic. Over 70 percent of the deaths will be in the developing world. //

The implications are obvious4. Tobacco is not only a human tragedy. Tobacco also burdens our health systems. It costs taxpayers money. It hampers the productivity of our economies. We have seen this happening in the U.S. and in Europe. But now, these burdens are hitting developing countries, countries which need all their resources to build their social and physical infrastructure. They have no money to spend on the unnecessary costs of a man-made epidemic. //

Yet, the picture is far from bleak. Globally, we have seen a sea-change over the past few years. A groundswell of local, national and global actions is moving the public health agenda ahead. This is occurring through the development of innovative partnerships, networks and alliances. //

Two months ago, I watched as 10,000 health volunteers gathered in Bangkok to mark this year’s World No Tobacco Day.World No Tobacco Day is now both a process and an event. The process of getting ready for the event in May builds capacity in the international public health community to raise the quality of the global debate on tobacco control. //

“Tobacco kills – Don’t be Duped’’ was this year’s theme with a special focus on tobacco advertising and promotion in films, music and sports. It allowed the world to get a better picture of tobacco-industry backed duping of science, public health and government policy packaged as freedom and fun. //

On the same day, here in the U.S., the Surgeon General co-hosted a meeting with Reverend Jesse Brown in Philadelphia to highlight the way in which tobacco advertisements target minority groups. //

In Lebanon, the First Lady urged action against tobacco promotion and advertising.The Brazilian Minister of Health launched a massive multi-media campaign and announced increased excise taxes on tobacco products.//

The South African Health Minister announced that cigarette sales would be regulated, free distribution of cigarettes would be prohibited, and that all advertising would be banned5. The laws came into effect last month. //

In Canada, the Health Minister used World No Tobacco Day to unveil new cigarette packaging. The labels show, as many of you know, in graphic detail, the effects of smoking -- not only in the lungs, but also oral cancer, gum disease and clogged arteries6. //

Here in the USA, Eric Karros, of the Los Angeles Dodgers, joined a high school rally against tobacco promotion. He unveiled a public service advertisement featuring himself and other baseball players from the New York Yankees, Cleveland Indians etc., talking about the importance of staying tobacco-free. Smoke-Free Soccer is another campaign gathering momentum.These are not one-off events. They are examples of a growing global movement that demands tobacco-free policies to be the norm. And we see results. //

On the World No Tobacco Day, David Byrne, European Union Commissioner for Health, called for strong support for new European Community regulations aimed at tobacco products. In June, the European Parliament voted for a range of tough new measures: warnings that cover 50% of the space on cigarette packs; removal of misleading information such as ‘low tar’ ‘mild’ and ‘light’; and reductions in tar and nicotine7.//

In many countries, all over the world, grass roots activities are inspiring governments to take action. That action centers on a few well-tested and effective measures: increased prices, a total ban on tobacco advertising and sponsorship, strong counter-advertising, better access to quitting methods, smoke-free areas and controls on smuggling8. This prescription is also the basis for the advice to developing countries that is contained in the latest World Bank/WHO book which will be released Wednesday. It shows that increased tobacco taxation both reduces smoking rates and increases revenue.9 That is really good news, and a finding governments around the world need to take on board.//

WHO has taken on a key role in this global effort. The reason for this is clear. As the World’s Specialized Health Agency, we are charged with working towards the best health achievable for all. Our main priority is to promote health equity, and so contribute to the well-being of all the world’s people. We fight infectious diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis and AIDS. But to fulfill our mandate we must also go all out to reduce the terrible toll of tobacco. //

All the global work, be it by NGOs, by governments, by the private sector or by international organizations, is pointing in one direction. Its logical conclusion is what now will take shape as the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control is the first international treaty on public health ever proposed by the World Health Organization. It has been endorsed by the 192 member nations of the WHO. Drafting of the treaty by the member states will start this October. //

Like the Convention to ban land mines, the Tobacco convention also seeks to stop a killer. The treaty will provide an international framework to address both national health policies and to control the global reach of big tobacco. It will set standard that countries can adopt to control advertising, prevent smuggling and facilitate the global exchange of knowledge. //

Of course, adopting the Framework Convention will not be easy in some countries. The talents and dedication of the people in this room today are essential to this fight for better health. I ask you all to join me on this to become partners with me and the World Health Organization on this vital journey toward better health for all the people, everywhere! //

Let us all work together to change the scene for coming generations. I sense that when we meet again, in three years time, there will be real progress.We will have an effective Framework Convention.We will have seen the effective implementation of anti-tobacco policies by at least 100 countries. And, in several of these countries, there will be significant reductions in tobacco use--particularly among the young.Thank you. //

(Excerpts from the keynote speech delivered by Dr. Gro Harlem Brundtland, Director-General of World Health Organization at the opening of the 11th Global Conference on Tobacco or Health, Chicago,August 7th, 2000)

口译讲评 Interpretation Comments

1.“The damaging health effects of tobacco were clearly stated.”英语中经常采用被动语态,而汉语中多用主动语态,所以可通过在汉语中补充主语的 方法将这个句子由被动转化为主动,译为“报告详细说明了烟草对健康的损害”,这样也正好与前文提到的“报告”相承接。

2.“This became the foundation ”英语常使用代词使行文的逻辑关系一目了然,如这句话中,“this”紧承前文, 指报告。但汉语多通过重复使行文在意义上相连接,因此翻译时,应将英语中的代词译出,否则可能导致指代
不明。所以该句译为“报告为世界上一些国家制定抑制烟害的有关政策奠定了基础”。

3.“Unfortunately, optimism about progress is not universal”翻译时,不必拘泥于英语语言框架限制,可以在理解了句子意思的基础上,用汉语 的习惯组织句子,所以该句可译为“不幸的是,全球的情况不容乐观。”因此,口译对译者的汉语水平要求也 很高,译者在注重提高英语水平的同时,也要加强汉语的修养,这样在口译时才可以做到准确、流利、快速。

4.“The implications are obvious.”“implication”的意思为“暗示、含意”,但是下文中提到烟草的危害,所以该词 在这里应当译为“烟草带来的后果。”

5.“ cigarette sales would be regulated, free distribution of cigarettes would be prohibited, and that all advertising would be banned.”英语中的被动语态,在翻译成汉语时,有时可以保留英文句式结构不变,套用汉语里
表示被动的一些句型,例如“被、受、遭、给、让、挨、叫、要、为 所、予以、加以 ”等等。所以该句可译为:“南非的卫生部长宣布,香烟销售要加以规范,免费赠烟应予以制止,烟草广告也要全面禁止”。

6.“In Canada, the Health Minister used World No Tobacco Day to unveil new cigarette packaging. The labels show, in graphic detail, the effects of smoking -- not only in the lungs, but also in oral cancer, gum disease and clogged arteries.”根据下文可以推断,“unveil new cigarette packaging”在这里的具体意思是“公布香烟盒包装的新规定”。英汉两种语言在表达方式上有很大的差别,英语中多使用名词、非谓语动词(分词、不定式和动
名词)以及介词短语,而汉语中动词很丰富,介词贫乏,没有分词、不定式或动名词。所以在翻译时,我们可 以根据两种语言的特点,灵活地进行词类转换。比如在英译汉时,为体现汉语动词优势的特点,可以多用动 词。在这句话中,英文中的介词短语“in graphic detail”“the effects of smoking in the lungs in oral cancer, ”可以转化为汉语的动词形式,该句可译为“加拿大的卫生部长在世界无烟日公布了香烟盒包装的新规定。众所周知,香烟盒上应当印有详细图形,说明吸烟不仅伤害肺部,而且导致口腔癌、牙龈病和血管阻塞等”,这样译文更加顺畅、自然,符合汉语习惯。

7.“In June, the European Parliament voted for a range of tough new measures: warnings that cover 50% of the space on cigarette packs; removal of misleading information such as ‘low tar’ ‘mild’ and ‘light’; and reductions in tar and nicotine.”根据上面(6)的注释,我们可以将英语中出现的名词性结构(通常含有动宾关系或主谓关系的表达)转化为动词性结构。所以该句可译为“6月份,欧洲议会通过了一系列强硬的新措施:香烟
盒上警语的大小要达到烟盒一半的面积,禁止使用令人误解的字样,例如低焦油、柔和、轻淡、焦油和尼古丁的含量低等”。

8.“That action centers on a few well-tested and effective measures: increased prices, a total ban on tobacco advertising and sponsorship, strong counter-advertising, better access to quitting methods, smoke-free areas and controls on smuggling.”这句话的译法同上,可以将名词短语译为动词结构,“这些行动集中在一些实践证明是行之有效的措施上:提高烟价、全面禁止烟草广告和赞助、强烈反对烟草广告、推广戒烟方法、建立无烟
场所和控制走私等等”。

9.“This prescription is also the basis the latest World Bank/WHO book which will be released Wednesday. It shows that increased tobacco taxation both reduces smoking rates and increases
revenue.”英汉两种语言表达的重心不同,英文有“信息前置”的规律,即一般将关键的或是新的信息放在句子前部,以便给读者留下清晰的印象,而汉语一般按逻辑顺序和时间顺序来安排意思,所以,主要信息通常出现在句子中偏后的部分。根据这一规律,该句可译为“本周三,世界银行和世界卫生组织的最新出版物即将问世,其中对发展中国家的忠告就包含以上所说的种种措施。书中提到,增加烟税既能减少吸烟 率,又能增加国家总收入。”此外,“it”在译成汉语时,应将其所指代的内容“书”译出来。

今天同各位共聚一堂感到十分高兴。

我们怀着乐观的心情聚集在此,这是因为美国和其他工业化国家的总吸烟率在日渐好转。再有, 我们同烟草斗争的形势和条件已产生了巨大的变化。//

这场斗争已长达50年之久。首次重大的改变发生在36年前,当时卢瑟•泰瑞发表了划时代的卫生 总监研究报告。报告详细说明了烟草对健康的损害。烟草导致肿瘤。烟草致死。报告为世界上一些国家制定抑 制烟害的有关政策奠定了基础。//

第二个重大的改变发生在最近3年。经过一系列法庭裁决和调查之后,形成了另一个重要的原 则。这就是烟草公司要为烟草使用造成的损害负责。这项原则将会为今后的政策和民意产生影响,同时也会迫 使烟草公司在制定将来的战略时必须考虑这一问题。//

不幸的是,全球的情况并不容乐观。任何认为我们与烟草的战斗已经胜利在望的人,应该看一看 全球的有关数字。他们将看到的是,烟害正日趋严重。正如我们所知,全球烟草致死人数可能从1998年的每年400万人增加到2030年的每年1000万。从公共卫生角度看,这种危害已相当于艾滋病。超过70%的死亡者将在发展中国家。//

烟草带来的后果是显而易见的。烟草不仅给人类造成悲剧,而且加重了我们卫生系统的负担。它 不仅耗费纳税人的金钱,而且削弱经济生产力。我们在美国和欧洲已目睹这一切。如今,这种负担严重影响着 发展中国家,而这些国家却需要将全部的资源用于社会和各种基础工程的建设,他们在财政上无力承受烟害这 种人为灾难所造成的高额代价。//

然而,全球情况远不是暗淡无光。世界局势近几年已发生了翻天覆地的变化。各个地区,各个国 家乃至全球都采取了强有力的行动,通过富有创造性的合作、联网和联盟,共同推动公共卫生的进程。//

两个月前,我看到曼谷的1万名卫生工作志愿者参加了今年的“世界无烟日”活动。如今“世界无烟日”既是一个过程,也是一个事件。每年在准备5月份的这一活动过程中,国际公共卫生团体加强了自己的工作能力,提高了全球控烟活动的质量。//

今年活动的主题是“烟草有害,勿受诱惑”,这个主题主要是针对电影、音乐、体育活动中的烟 草广告和宣传提出的。它让世界各国人民更能认清烟草业的实质,即该行业违背科学、公共卫生和政府政策, 为人们提供了一种伪自由、假娱乐。//

“世界无烟日”当天,美国卫生总监和尊敬的杰西•布朗牧师在费城共同主持了一个聚会,会上揭穿了这样一个事实,即烟草广告把少数群体作为它们的宣传目标。//

黎巴嫩第一夫人呼吁人们采取行动抵制烟草促销和广告。巴西卫生部长发动了一场大规模的多种媒体宣传活动,并宣布对烟草产品增收附加税。//

南非卫生部长宣布,香烟销售要加以规范,免费赠烟应予以制止,烟草广告也要全面禁止。 这些法律条文于上个月生效。//

在加拿大,卫生部长在“世界无烟日”公布了香烟盒包装的新规定。众所周知,香烟盒上应当印 有详细图形,说明吸烟不仅伤害肺部,而且导致口腔癌、牙龈病和血管阻塞等。//

美国洛杉矶道奇棒球队的艾瑞克•凯诺斯参加了一所高中的反烟草销售活动。他与来自纽约的扬 基队、克利夫兰印地安人队等棒球队的队员们一同主演公益广告,宣传不吸烟的重要性。此外,无烟足球活动 也正在兴起。这些都不是一次性的活动,而是不断高涨的全球性运动,它们要求长久实施无烟政策,而且 我们已经看到效果。//

世界无烟日那天,欧盟卫生专员大卫•布瑞恩号召欧洲要强力支持出台烟草产品新规定。6月份,欧洲议会通过了一系列强硬的新措施:香烟盒上警语的大小要达到烟盒一半的面积,禁止使用令人误解的 字样,例如低焦油、柔和、轻淡、焦油和尼古丁的含量低等等。//

世界上许多国家的基层活动正在推动各自政府采取行动。这些行动集中在一些实践证明是行之有 效的措施上:提高烟价、全面禁止烟草广告和赞助、强烈反对烟草广告、推广戒烟方法、建立无烟场所和控制 走私等等。本周三,世界银行和世界卫生组织的最新出版物将问世,其中对发展中国家的忠告就包含以上所说的种种措施。书中提到,增加烟税既能减少吸烟率,又能增加国家总收入。这真是好消息,这点世界各国政府要加以运用。//

世界卫生组织在这个全球性的活动中身挑重担。显然,作为专门的世界卫生机构,我们的工作任 务是努力促进全人类的健康。我们的首要任务是保证医疗的公正性,使世界各国人民都享有健康。我们要同疟 疾、肺结核和艾滋病等传染病作斗争。而且我们要全力以赴地去降低烟草所带来的可怕危害。//

全球的工作,不论是非政府组织的还是政府的,是私有部门的还是国际组织的,都有一个共同目 标。共同努力的最终结果便是即将产生的“烟草控制框架公约”。“烟草控制框架公约”是世界卫生组织首次 倡议建立的有关公共卫生的国际公约,得到了世界卫生组织192个会员国的支持。各会员国将于今年10月通过 其初稿。//

正如“禁止使用地雷”的公约一样,控烟公约也是要设法制止一种危害。该公约将提供一个国际框架,旨在阐明国家卫生政策,同时控制烟草在全球的蔓延。它将制定各个国家可以采纳的标准,控制广告宣 传、防止走私和促进全球信息交流。//

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重点单词
  • scenen. 场,景,情景
  • unnecessaryadj. 不必要的,多余的
  • distributionn. 分发,分配,散布,分布
  • productivityn. 生产率,生产能力
  • preventv. 预防,防止
  • qualityn. 品质,特质,才能 adj. 高品质的
  • excisen. 货物税,消费税 vt. 征税,切除
  • minorityn. 少数,少数民族,未成年
  • agendan. 议事日程
  • movementn. 活动,运动,移动,[音]乐章