人事部CATTI二级口译课程培训(MP3+讲义) 第41讲
日期:2014-08-20 10:20

(单词翻译:单击)

CATTI二级口译精讲第41讲讲义

习语的口译Interpreting Idioms

广义上说,习语包括成语、谚语、俗语、歇后语、引语和习惯用语等。这一类词语往往不仅带 有鲜明的历史文化特色和民族特色,而且内涵丰富、表述形象生动、刻画鲜明、入木三分。

英、汉两种语言中的习语都十分丰富,在各种场合中的运用较多。 因此,如何在有限的时间内准确理解并适当地处理好习语的翻译是口译的一大难题。

一般说来,在遇到习语时,首先要考虑的是目的语中有无对应的文化概念和表达方式。 按这 个思路,大致可以将习语的口译方法分为以下几种:

1. 有对应

目的语中有完全或大致对应的文化概念,并且有固定的表达形式。 此时采用目的语中的固定表达或现成的习语就是最佳处理方案。这种情况又可细分为:

1) 直接对应
指目的语言的文化概念完全或大致对应,表达形式相同或相近。 如:

等着瞧 Wait and see.
趁热打铁 Strike while the iron is hot.
水滴石穿 Constant dripping wears the stone.
隔墙有耳 Walls have ears.
祸不单行 Misfortunes never come alone.
浑水摸鱼 Fish in troubled waters.
欲速则不达 More haste, less speed.
事实胜于雄辩 Facts speak louder than words.
有其父,必有其子 Like father, like son.
谋事在人,成事在天 Man proposes, God disposes.

2) 间接对应
指目标语言的文化概念完全或大致对应,表达形式不同。 如:

画蛇添足 to paint the lily
口蜜腹剑 Peace on the forehead and war in the mind.
三思而后行 Look before you leap.
家丑不可外扬 Don’t wash your dirty linen in public.
天涯何处无芳草 There are plenty of fish in the sea.
丢了西瓜,捡了芝麻 Penny wise, pound foolish.
宁可玉碎,不为瓦全 Better die with honor than live with shame.
塞翁失马,焉知非福 a blessing in disguise
水能载舟,亦能覆舟 The same knife cuts bread and fingers.
一朝被蛇咬,十年怕草绳 The burnt child dreads the fire.

2. 无对应
目的语没有现成的对应表达。 这里又分两种情况:

1) 目的语中有相似的文化概念,意义基本对应,但表达形式空缺。 此时应采取直译、意译或直译与意译相结合的方法,力求准确传达原文的意义。 如:
按图索骥 look for a fine horse with the aid of its picture ----try to locate sth by following up a clear clue
三顾茅庐 to make three personal calls at a thatched cottage
三下五除二 extend repeated and sincere invitations neat and quick
干打雷,不下雨 all thunder but no rain --- much clamor but no action
千里之行,始于足下 A thousand-li journey is started by taking the first step.
to be armed to the teeth 武装到牙齿
a bull in a china shop 公牛闯进瓷器店,恣意捣乱
A stitch in time saves nine. 小洞不补,大洞吃苦。
All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。
God helps those who help themselves. 自助者天助。

2)目的语中缺乏与源语相同的文化概念,缺乏相对应的表达形式。 此类习语大多带有独特的民族文化或历史背景,以及本民族特有的政治、经济、社会现象。 在这种情况下,尤其是在一场口译中首次提到时,应采取直译与解释相结合,或直接采用解释性翻译的办法,在重提时可适当简化。 如:
五岳 five sacred mountains, ie Mount Tai, Mount Hua, Mount Heng (in the south), Mount Heng (in the north), and Mount Song
四合院 traditional, residential compound with houses around a courtyard (重提时,可简化为courtyard house)
三个代表 “Three Represents” (the CPC represents the development trend of advanced productive forces, the orientation of advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people in China)
三资企业 three kinds of foreign-invested enterprises: Sino-foreign joint ventures, cooperative businesses and exclusively foreign-owned enterprises
天干地支 ten Heavenly Stems and twelve Earthly Branches ---- the two sets of signs are variously combined to designate years and days, whereas the latter are also used to designate the 12 2-hour periods of the day and the12 symbolic animals
Give me five. 我们击一下掌吧。指两个人一起做的手势,就是各自把一只手伸得高高的,然后手掌相对用力拍一下,美国人常常用这个手势表示胜利,以示庆祝。
to cross one’s fingers 指两手的食指和中指交叉,表示希望能有好运气。

除上述方法外,要译好习语还应注意以下几点:
1.应熟练掌握一定数量的英、汉习语,有时甚至要掌握同一习语的几种译法。 这种积累和储备是基础,是译好习语的必要前提和条件。
2.应联系上下文,在语境环境中准确地理解习语的含义。 准确理解是关键,哪怕一时想不到对应的或者恰如其分的表达,也能通过解释,真实地传达原文的意思。
3.要注意习语的褒贬义和感情色彩。 同一个习语在不同的语境中可能褒贬义不同,不能一味套用固定译法,要注意反映原文的感情色彩。
4.翻译中“信”是第一准则,切不可为了译文更优美、语言更地道,就强求对应词,误用或滥用习语,扭曲原文的意思。

主题练习
主题翻译——词汇

国际形势international situation
和平与发展peace and development
当今时代的主题the dominant themes of our times
联合国 the United Nations
联合国安理会the UN Security Council
联合国大会the UN General Assembly
联合国秘书处the UN Secretariat
经济及社会理事会the Economic and Social Council
国际法院the International Court
主权国家sovereign states
全球化globalization
南北对话South-North dialog
南南合作South-South Cooperation
世界政府world government
地球村global village
我们的目标是顺利地从国际性世界过渡到全球性世界。Our aim is to successfully manage the transition from an international to a global world.
中央集权的官僚庞然大物践踏人民和国家的权利。Centralized bureaucratic behemoths trample on the rights of people and states.
在我们今天流动性强、充满活力、广泛联网的世界上,中央集权统治概念本身与时代不符,是过时的十九世纪心态的残余
The very notion of centralizing hierarchies is itself an anachronism in our fluid, highly dynamic and extensively networked world — an outmoded remnant of nineteenth century mindsets.
各国家除了各自对其社会负有责任以外,还要集体对我们所有国家的公民在这个星球上的共同生活负责。
In addition to the separate responsibilities each state bears towards its own society, states are, collectively, the custodians of our common life on this planet — a life the citizens of all countries share.
尽管全球化通常伴随着体制动乱,但目前没有任何实体能够与国家抗争或取代国家。Notwithstanding the institutional turmoil that is often associated with globalization, there exists no other entity that competes with or can substitute for the state.
极端贫穷是对我们全人类的侮辱。极端贫穷还使许多其他问题恶化。例如穷国尤其是有种族和宗教上严重不平等现象的国家比富国更容易卷入冲突。其中大多数冲突是国内冲突,但这些冲突几乎总会给邻国制造问题,或产生对人道主义援助的需要。
Extreme poverty is an affront to our common humanity. It also makes many other problems worse. For example, poor countries — especially those with significant inequality between ethnic and religious communities — are far more likely to be embroiled in conflicts than rich ones. Most of these conflicts are internal, but they almost invariably create problems for neighbors or generate a need for humanitarian assistance.

分享到
重点单词
  • remnantadj. 剩余的 n. 残(剩)余
  • generatevt. 产生,发生,引起
  • lilyadj. 纯白的 n. 百合花
  • advancedadj. 高级的,先进的
  • socialadj. 社会的,社交的 n. 社交聚会
  • productiveadj. 能生产的,有生产价值的,多产的
  • traditionaladj. 传统的
  • fundamentaladj. 基本的,根本的,重要的 n. 基本原理,基础
  • povertyn. 贫困,贫乏
  • stitchn. 一针,疼痛,碎布条 v. 缝合