CATTI二级口译精讲第40讲讲义

篇章练习

中国政府一贯尊重《联合国宪章》促进和保护人权的宗旨和原则，支持联合国为此所做的努力，并积极参与联合国人权领域的活动。//

中国政府历来重视国际人权公约在促进和保护人权方面的积极作用，现已批准或加入了１８个国际人权公约。对于已批准的国际人权公约，中国一贯认真对待，采取各种措施履行公约义务，并根据有关公 约的规定及时提交公约执行情况的报告，接受有关联合国条约机构的审议2。//

中国重视联合国人权事务高级专员在促进和保护人权方面的作用，并积极与人权高专办公室开 展合作。中国还积极开展与联合国人权委员会专题特别报告员和工作组的合作，迄今已两次邀请联合国人权委 员会任意拘留问题工作组访华，宗教不容忍问题报告员也曾应邀访华。//

中国还及时、认真答复了包括人权委员会特别报告员在内的联合国人权机制转来的有关人权问 题的函件3，澄清了有关事实，增进了联合国和国际社会对中国的了解。此外，中国还与联合国开发计划署合 作举办了关于邪教问题的国际研讨会，就各国如何处理邪教、保障人权进行了交流与探讨。//

中国一贯主张，各国应在平等和相互尊重的基础上就人权问题开展对话与交流，增进了解，扩大共识，缩小分歧。２０００年１０月，中国在北京成功举办了“中非合作论坛——北京２０００年部长级会 议”，中国国家主席江泽民、４位非洲国家元首，以及来自４５个非洲国家的近８０名部长和有关国际和地区组织的负责人出席会议。//

会议通过的《中非合作论坛北京宣言》强调，人权的普遍性原则和基本自由应得到尊重，世界 的多样性和求同存异原则必须得到维护；各国在促进和保护本国人权时有权选择不同的方式和模式；将人权问题政治化以及在提供经济援助时附加人权条件，本身就是违反人权，应予以坚决反对。//

人权的发展是各国社会发展的一个重要方面，是一个不断前进的历史过程。中国是一个人口众 多的发展中国家，受自然、历史和发展水平等诸多因素的制约，中国的人权正处于发展过程之中，人权状况还 存在着不少有待进一步改善的地方。//

中国政府将根据自己的国情和人民的意愿，以建设民主、文明的现代化法治国家4为目标，积极吸收世界各国的有益经验和文化成果5，在保持社会稳定的前提下，加快发展，加强民主法制建设和精神文 明建设6，不断推动中国人权事业向前发展。同时，中国将一如既往地积极参与国际人权领域的活动，广泛开 展对外合作与交流，为促进国际人权事业的健康发展做出自己应有的贡献。//

（节选自中国国务院新闻办2001年4月9日发布的《2000年中国人权事业的进展》）

口译讲评 Comments on Interpretation

1．“联合国为此所做的努力”，这里可以省略“所做的”，并按英文习惯译为名词短语，即“UN efforts”。

2．“及时提交公约执行情况的报告，接受有关联合国条约机构的审议”。为使译文简洁明 了，并符合英文习惯，翻译时可以将修饰动词“提交”的状语“及时”转换为修饰名词“公约”的定语， 即“timely reports”，“执行情况”是典型的中文表达方式，译为“implementation”即可，将“接受审议”译为“for deliberation and discussion”，既反映出了上下句之间的逻辑关系，行文也十分简洁地道。

3．“中国还及时、认真答复了包括人权委员会特别报告员在内的联合国人权机制转来的有关 人权问题的函件”。这个句子的主框架是“中国 答复 函件”，翻译时应首先抓住这几个字。“及时、 认真”可以用一个短语放在句首或作插入语，如“in a timely and earnest manner”，使句子的主结构“China has answered letters”更清晰。接下来译“函件”的定语，用一个介词短语“on human rights”和一个过去分词短语“transmitted by ”。“包括人权委员会特别报告员在内的联合国人权机制”既可直译为“UN human rights mechanisms including the special rapporteurs of the Commission on Human Rights”，也可意译为“the special rapporteurs of the Commission on Human Rights and other UN human rights mechanisms”。

4．“民主、文明的现代化法治国家”，该短语“国家”一词前面有四个定语“民主”、“文明”、“现代化”和“法治”，如果字对字翻译，难免给人零散无序之感，行文也不优美。因此，可按英文习惯调整原文结构，译为：“a democratic and modernized country with a high level of civilization under the rule of law”。

5．“积极吸收世界各国的有益经验和文化成果”，这里的“吸收”可以意译，即“learn (from), 全句译为：“actively learn from the beneficial experiences and cultural achievements of other countries”。

6．“在保持社会稳定的前提下， 加强民主法制建设和精神文明建设”。“在 前提 下”可以简单地用“while”引导现在分词来表示。“精神文明”不能生硬地译为“spiritual civilization”, 应根据它的内涵，译为“social ethical progress”，按照英文的搭配，“加强”也不能一律用“strengthen”。 后半句可译为：“strengthen the democratic and legal systems and promote social ethical progress”。

篇章翻译：

The Chinese government always respects the purpose and principle of the Charter of the United Nations for promoting and protecting human rights, supports the UN efforts in this regard and actively participates in the UN activities in the realm of human rights. //

The Chinese government has always attached great importance to the positive role of international conventions on human rights in promoting and protecting human rights, and has approved or acceded to 18 such conventions. China has always taken seriously those international conventions on human rights it has ratified, adopted various measures to fulfill its duties under these conventions and submitted timely reports on their implementation, as stipulated by related conventions, for deliberation and discussion by related UN organs. //

China attaches importance to the role of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights in promoting and protecting human rights, and has actively cooperated with the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. China has actively carried out cooperation with the special rapporteurs and working groups on thematic issues of the UN Commission on Human Rights. It has twice invited the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention of the UN Commission on Human Rights to visit China, and the Special Rapporteur on Religious Intolerance has also visited China on invitation. //

China has, in a timely and earnest manner, answered the letters on human rights transmitted by the special rapporteurs of the Commission on Human Rights and other UN human rights mechanisms, clearing up a number of facts and helping the UN and international community toward a better understanding of China. In addition, China and the UN Development Program also jointly sponsored an international symposium on the problem of cults, to carry out exchanges and explore on how to deal with cults and safeguard human rights by various countries. //

China has consistently advocated carrying out dialogues and exchanges by all countries on the human rights issue on the basis of equality and mutual respect so as to enhance understanding,promote consensus and reduce differences. In October 2000, China successfully held the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation -- Ministerial Conference Beijing 2000 in Beijing, with Chinese President Jiang Zemin and four heads of state from Africa, nearly 80 ministers from 45 African countries and leaders of related international and regional organizations attending. //

In the Sino-African Cooperative Forum Beijing Declaration adopted at the meeting, it is emphasized that the principle of universality of human rights and basic freedoms should be respected, and the diversity of the world and the principle of seeking common ground while reserving differences must be safeguarded; that each country has the right to choose different ways and modes of promoting and protecting human rights domestically; and that politicalizing the issue of human rights and attaching human rights conditions to economic aid are themselves violations of human rights, and therefore should be firmly opposed. //

The progress of human rights is an important aspect of the social development of all countries, and it is a historical process of continuous advance. China is a developing country with a huge population. Due to restrictions of nature, history, level of development and other factors, the human rights cause in China is in the process of developing, and there is still much room for further improvement in its human rights situation. //

In the light of China's national conditions and according to the people's wishes, the Chinese government aims to build a democratic and modernized country with a high level of civilization under the rule of law, actively learn from the beneficial experiences and cultural achievements of other countries, and, while maintaining social stability, expedite development, strengthen the democratic and legal systems, promote social ethical progress, and continuously push forward the development of the human rights cause in China. At the same time, China will, as always, actively participate in international activities in the realm of human rights, carry out wide-ranging cooperation and exchanges with other countries, and make its due contribution to promoting the healthy development of the international human rights cause. //

(Excerpts from the English version of Progress in China’s Human Rights Cause in 2000 released by the Information Office of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China on April 9, 2001)