So let's have a look.
那我们来具体看看吧。
So, "As I have discussed", what we're doing is we're just taking that phrase, basically, and this shows the tone...
在第一部分，基本上我们要做的就是把"As I have discussed"这个短语用上，
this... this establishes the tone of conclusion: "As I have discussed".
它能带来一种结尾的语气："As I have discussed"。
You're basically saying: "Well, I already told you all of this, but now I'm summarizing."
这样你们的主要意思就是：“我已经把这所有的内容都跟你讲过了，不过现在我是在总结。”
"As I have discussed, there are advantages and disadvantages to the question.
"As I have discussed, there are advantages and disadvantages to the question.（正如我已经说过的，这个问题既有好处也有坏处。）
I've shown both sides of the argument."
I've shown both sides of the argument." （我已经把两方面的论据都写过了。）
You could just learn that, you could learn that whole phrase to begin a conclusion.
你们可以直接把那个学下来，可以学着用那整个短语作为结尾的开头。
What do you follow it with?
接下来写什么呢？
You follow it with a "However" sentence.
在第一部分之后你们要写一个"However"句子。
So, there may be advantages and disadvantages, but there's a catch.
也就是说，也许既有好处也有坏处，但是你们要抓住其中一点进行描述。
"However, I think parents should be responsible for teaching children to be good members of society."
比如"However, I think parents should be responsible for teaching children to be good members of society."（但是，我认为家长应该负责教孩子成为优秀的社会成员。）
So this is you saying: "Yeah, I see both sides, this is good about it, that's good about the other side.
意思就是：“是，我知道有两方面，这是这方面的好处，那是另一方面的好处。
But, you know, for me and in my opinion...", because now we're using your subjectivity by saying: "I think".
但是，你要知道，对我来说，在我看来......”因为说了"I think"，我们现在就要讲你们的主观看法了。
You can... you can finally make your position clear, make your position known.
你们终于可以表明自己的立场，让别人知道你们的看法了。
Maybe in the rest of the essay, this is discursive... this is a discursive essay, you've been showing both sides of the argument.
这是一篇论述文，在这篇作文的其他部分，你们也许已经阐述过两方面的论据了。
But if you write your essay in a way where you don't use: "I think", "I believe" in the rest of the essay before,
但是如果你们写作文的时候，在结尾之前的其他部分没有用过"I think", "I believe"的话，
it can be quite powerful just to use "I think" once at the end in your conclusion.
只在结尾最后用一次"I think"，可能会使结尾显得非常有力。
So, again: "However, I think parents should be responsible for teaching children to be good members of society."
所以我们再看一次先前的例子："However, I think parents should be responsible for teaching children to be good members of society."（但是，我认为家长应该负责教孩子成为优秀的社会成员。）
That bit's done, what do we do next?
这部分写完了，下一步做什么呢？
Well, sometimes people like to end essays by giving a grand statement about morals and the world, so you can also do this in your IELTS exam.
有时候人们喜欢用一个关于道德和世界的宏大陈述来结束文章，你们在做雅思试题的时候也可以这么做。
And this is what I'm talking about when I say: "Make a moral or social observation" to do with the question, of course, not just the general one.
而这也是我说“做一个道德观察评价或社会观察评价”时要表达的意思，当然啦，你们要做的是与题干相关的观察评价，不是笼统的。