First, I would look at the statement: "Personal computers were first invented in 1990." I would underline keywords.
首先，我会看看陈述句："Personal computers were first invented in 1990." （私人计算机首次被发明出来是在1990年），划出关键词。
So we're looking at "personal computers"; we're looking at when they were "invented"; and we're looking at a year.
我们要寻找的信息是： "personal computers"，它们被发明的时间以及年份。
Okay. So I might try to think of different words for "invented" in my head quickly: "created", "manufactured" -- maybe not true synonyms, but similar -- and "1990".
现在我要试着飞快地在脑子里想出几个跟"invented"同义的单词："created", "manufactured"，它们也许不是真正的同义词，但是意义相近，还有"1990"。
So then, I would do my scan looking for the keywords quickly.
接下来，我会开始扫视，快速地在文章中寻找这些关键词。
"Invented", something that looks like "invented". Okay, "personal computer", "invented" -- same word, that's easy -- "1970s".
"Invented"，看上去很像，确实是"Invented"，"personal computer", "invented"，这些都是一模一样的单词，很简单，还有...... "1970s"。
Now, I look to see if there's a match. I read this carefully, and I compare.
现在我要看看它们是否一致，仔细阅读然后比较。
"The first personal computer was invented in the 1970s."
"The first personal computer was invented in the 1970s."（第一台个人计算机是在二十世纪七十年代发明的）。
"Personal computers were first invented in 1990." "1990", "1970s", this statement is "false".
"Personal computers were first invented in 1990." （私人计算机首次被发明出来是在1990年），"1990", "1970s"，所以这个陈述句是“错误”的。
So it says the opposite, okay? So now, let's look at the hardest choice, "not given".
它描述的内容和文章是相反的。现在我们再来看看最难的选择——“文章中没有提到”。
Okay, so now, let's look at "not given" or "NG".
现在我们来讲一讲“文章中没有提到”或者"NG"。
This is, I think, why many people have a very difficult time on this part of the test.
我想这正是很多人在做试卷的这一部分时觉得很困难的原因。
Usually, "truth" isn't so difficult -- finding things that are true.
通常，“真相”并不难找，想找到正确的句子并不难。
But the difference between "false" and "not given" can really confuse a lot of people.
但是“错误”和“文章中没有提到”之间的区别真的能难倒很多人。
So let's look at what they mean by "not given".
所以我们来看看“文章中没有提到”是什么意思。
Okay, so you write "not given" if the fact is not written in the text.
当文章中没有给出这个陈述句的内容时，你们就可以判断它为“文章中没有提到”的。
Okay, so if it's not there -- if it was written, it would be "true", so it's not "true".
所以，如果它不在文章中......如果文章中有这个内容，它就是“正确”的，所以，它不是“正确”的。
And also, you do not see the total opposite of the fact written.
同时，你们在文章中也没有看到与这个陈述句完全相反的内容。
If you see the total opposite, it's "false". But if it's neither "true" nor "false", it's "not given".
如果你们在文章中看到完全相反的内容，那它就是“错误”的，但是如果它既不是“正确”的，也不是“错误”的，那它就是“文章中没有提到”的。
All right? So let's look at an example to see what I mean by this. Let me switch sides. Okay.
知道了吗？那我们来看一个例子，看看我说的究竟是什么意思。我换个边。