Minus-- less, plus-- in addition, up 2--means maximum, down 2 -- minimum, approximately-- this is my sign, it means not equal, but close to, so approximately.
“-”表示减少，“+”表示增加，向上的箭头加2表示最大量，向下的箭头加2表示最小量，“大约”——这是我的符号，意思是不等于但相近，所以就是大约。
Greater than -- A is more than B, less than, equal, with something, without something.
“比......大”——A比B多，这些分别是：“少于”，“相等”，“有......”，“没有......”。
H2O. What is "H2O"? You dink it every day. Water.
H2O，什么是H2O？你们每天都喝的东西——水。
Any little code that you can use to help you write things quickly and remember things quickly, especially things like this...
任何你们能用来帮助自己快速写下和记住信息的小符号都可以，尤其是像这样的......
There's...TOEFL for some reason loves science things, they love science lectures, they love science articles.
不知道为什么，托福考试特别喜欢出科学类的题目，他们喜欢科学讲座、科学文献。
Be very comfortable with those because you're going to see a lot of them, okay?
熟悉这些体裁的内容，因为你们会看见很多这类文章的。
Now, the next thing we're going to look at is abbreviations, which are just as important as the codes.
下面我们要学习的是缩写词，这和符号一样重要。
And again, something that you're going to have to practice and work on, but I'll give you a little bit of a sample to get you started.
而且也是你们要练习和努力学习的东西，不过我会讲一些示例给你们起个头。
Okay. So now we get into the area where it's really more up to you to create your own master list and practice it and study it,
现在我们要讲的这个部分是真的由你们自己设计出个人专属的总清单，并且要不断练习和学习，
so on test day you can use it and not have any problems.
这样考试当天你们就能轻轻松松地用上它。
We're looking at abbreviations, an "abbreviation" means taking a word and squeezing it, making it shorter.
我们在讲的是缩写，“缩写”的意思是拿出一个单词，把它挤一挤变得更短。
So the abbreviation for abbreviation is "abbr." Okay? Abbreviation.
abbreviation这个单词的缩写形式就是"abbr."，取了abbreviation的前四个字母。
The most important thing to remember is that you must remember what "abbr." means.
最重要的事情是，你们一定要记住"abbr."是什么意思。
If I see "abbr." in any document, I will automatically understand this means "abbreviation".
不论在哪个文件中看见了"abbr."，我都会自动明白这是“缩写”的意思。
Some of these are very common, everybody uses them, some of them, you will have to make your own, and I'll show you how to do that as well.
这些中有的缩写形式很常见，每个人都会用，但有些你们要自己想出来，我也会告诉你们怎么做的。
So for example, you have to be careful sometimes, you have to make yourself little changes, like with a dot.
比如，你们有时候必须小心，要自己做一些小改动，像用个点什么的。
So "inc." if I have only "inc" without a dot, I understand "increase".
比如说"inc."，如果我看见的没有点，只是"inc", 我会把它理解成"increase"的缩写。
Okay? If I see "inc." with a dot, I understand "incorporate". Okay?
如果我看见的是带点的"inc."，那我就会把它理解成"incorporate"。