《名人传记》之乔布斯亿万富豪嬉皮士

This is the launch of the Macintosh computer in 1984.

这是1984年Mac电脑发布会

An early glimpse of the way Apple has marketed itself to the world ever since.

苹果此后面向全球的商业运作手段 从这里可见一斑

The Macintosh was the first computer with a mouse that was meant for all of us.

Mac是第一台带鼠标的平民电脑

It has turned out insanely great.

它的确无与伦比

We were all very idealistic and passionate.

我们当时都是充满激情的理想主义青年

This was our personal cause.

这不止是一份工作 而是一个梦想

In this auditorium, three crucial factors came together for the first time.

在这个礼堂里 苹果首次同时呈现了三个至关重要的卖点

A new computer designed to be easier to use than any that had come before.

一台易于操作的革命性新型电脑

Sold with an audacious message of revolution.

“技术革命”的响亮口号

And hyped by Steve Jobs himself.

以及乔布斯亲自进行的宣传推广

I'd like to open the meeting with part of an old poem by Dylan. That's Bob Dylan.

我想以一首迪伦的旧诗来开场 唔 是鲍勃·迪伦

Come writers and critics who prophesises with your pens\

自命先知的作家和评论家们

And keep your eyes wide...

请睁大双眼…

What started here in 1984,

1984年的Mac电脑发布会

with the launch of the Mac became the template that certainly got improved upon as

为苹果此后发布新产品的模式定了型

Apple became one of the great marketing companies that the world has ever seen.

在这个基础上 苹果逐渐成长为了业内翘楚

..for the loser now will be later to win

笑到最后的才是真正的赢家

for the times they are a-changin'.

因为时代正在改变

The whole auditorium of about 2,500 people

整个礼堂坐着约2500名观众

gave it a standing ovation.

大家都全体起立鼓掌

It was a very, very emotional moment

这是一个非常激动人心的时刻

because it was no longer ours.

因为它不再属于我们

From that day forward, it was no longer ours,

从那天起 它不再只属于我们

we couldn't change it.

我们改变不了这一点

《乔布斯传》第十二章 设计 大道致简66

He repeatedly emphasized that Apple’s products would be clean and simple. “We will make them bright and pure and honest about being high-tech, rather than a heavy industrial look of black, black, black, black, like Sony,” he preached. “So that’s our approach. Very simple, and we’re really shooting for Museum of Modern Art quality. The way we’re running the company, the product design, the advertising, it all comes down to this: Let’s make it simple. Really simple.” Apple’s design mantra would remain the one featured on its first brochure: “Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication.”

他反复强调苹果公司的产品会是干净而简涪的。“我们会把产品做得光亮又纯净，能展现高科技感，而不是一味使用黑色、黑色、黑色，满是沉重的工业感，就像索尼那样。”他朗声说道，“我们的设计思想就是：极致的简约，我们追求的是能让产品达到在现代艺术博物馆展出的品质。我们管理公司、设计产品、广告宣传的理念就是一句话：让我们做得简单一点，真正的简单。”苹果奉行的这一原则也在它的第一版宣传册上得到了突出：“至繁归于至简。”

Jobs felt that design simplicity should be linked to making products easy to use. Those goals do not always go together. Sometimes a design can be so sleek and simple that a user finds it intimidating or unfriendly to navigate. “The main thing in our design is that we have to make things intuitively obvious,” Jobs told the crowd of design mavens. For example, he extolled the desktop metaphor he was creating for the Macintosh. “People know how to deal with a desktop intuitively. If you walk into an office, there are papers on the desk. The one on the top is the most important. People know how to switch priority. Part of the reason we model our computers on metaphors like the desktop is that we can leverage this experience people already have.”

乔布斯认为，简约化设计的一个核心要素就是让人能直观地感觉到它的简单易用。设计上的简单并不总能带来操作上的简易。有时候，设计得太漂亮、太简化，用户用起来反而不会那么得心应手。“我们作设计的时候，最重要的事情就是让产品特性一目了然。”乔布斯告诉一群设计专家。作为例子，他高度赞扬自己为麦金塔电脑创造的桌面概念：“人们直观上就知道该怎么处理桌面。你走进办公室，桌子上有一堆文件。放在最上面的就是最重要的。人们知道怎样转换优先级。我们在设计电脑的时候引入桌面这个概念，一定程度上就是想充分利用人们已经拥有的这一经验。”

Speaking at the same time as Jobs that Wednesday afternoon, but in a smaller seminar room, was Maya Lin, twenty-three, who had been catapulted into fame the previous November when her Vietnam Veterans Memorial was dedicated in Washington, D.C. They struck up a close friendship, and Jobs invited her to visit Apple. “I came to work with Steve for a week,” Lin recalled. “I asked him, ‘Why do computers look like clunky TV sets? Why don’t you make something thin? Why not a flat laptop?’” Jobs replied that this was indeed his goal, as soon as the technology was ready.

那个周三下午，在乔布斯演讲的同时，另一场演讲正在一个小型会议室里进行，发言人是23岁的林璎（MayaLin）。前一年的11月份，林瓔设计的越南战争纪念碑在华盛顿落成，她也因此一举成名。乔布斯和她成了亲密的朋友，并邀请她访问苹果公司。有林璎这样的人在身边的时候，乔布斯会有些羞怯，于是他找来了黛比·科尔曼，带着林璎参观。“我和史蒂夫一起工作了一个星期，”林璎回忆说，“我问他，为什么电脑看上去就像笨重的电视机？为什么你们不把它做得薄一点儿？为什么不做成平板的便携式电脑？”乔布斯回答说那正是他的目标，只是现在技术还没有成熟。

At that time there was not much exciting happening in the realm of industrial design, Jobs felt. He had a Richard Sapper lamp, which he admired, and he also liked the furniture of Charles and Ray Eames and the Braun products of Dieter Rams. But there were no towering figures energizing the world of industrial design the way that Raymond Loewy and Herbert Bayer had done. “There really wasn’t much going on in industrial design, particularly in Silicon Valley, and Steve was very eager to change that,” said Lin. “His design sensibility is sleek but not slick, and it’s playful. He embraced minimalism, which came from his Zen devotion to simplicity, but he avoided allowing that to make his products cold. They stayed fun. He’s passionate and super-serious about design, but at the same time there’s a sense of play.”

那一时期，乔布斯觉得工业设计领域没有多少令人兴奋的事情。他有一盏理查德·萨珀（RichardSapper）设计的台灯，这是他很欣赏的一个作品，同时，他还喜欢伊姆斯夫妇（CharlesandRayEames）设计的家具，以及迪特尔·拉姆斯（DieterRams）设计的博朗产品。但没有人能像当年的雷蒙德·洛伊（RaymondLoewy）和赫伯特·拜尔两位大师一样，推动工业设计领域的发展。“工业设计界真的没有什么激动人心的事情，尤其是在硅谷，而史蒂夫急切盼望改变这一局面。”林璎说，“他的设计理念是：造型优美，但不能华而不实，同时还要充满乐趣。他崇尚极简派的设计风格，这源自他作为一名佛教禅宗信徒对简单的热爱，同时他又竭力避免陷入过度的简单而让产品显得冷冰冰的，要使产品的趣味感得以保留。他对待设计充满热情、极其严肃，同时，其中也带有一点玩乐精神。”

As Jobs’s design sensibilities evolved, he became particularly attracted to the Japanese style and began hanging out with its stars, such as Issey Miyake and I. M. Pei. His Buddhist training was a big influence. “I have always found Buddhism, Japanese Zen Buddhism in particular, to be aesthetically sublime,” he said. “The most sublime thing I’ve ever seen are the gardens around Kyoto. I’m deeply moved by what that culture has produced, and it’s directly from Zen Buddhism.”

随着乔布斯设计鉴赏力的不断提升，他开始尤其青睐日式风格，还渐渐地和三宅一生及贝聿铭这样的明星人物进行更多接触，比如他的禅修对此有很大的影响。“我一直都认为佛教——尤其是日本的佛教禅宗——在审美上是超群的。”他说，“我见过的最美的设计，就是京都地区的花园，这一文化的产物深深打动了我，而它们都直接源自佛教禅宗。”

Like a Porsche

像保时捷那样

Jef Raskin’s vision for the Macintosh was that it would be like a boxy carry-on suitcase, which would be closed by flipping up the keyboard over the front screen. When Jobs took over the project, he decided to sacrifice portability for a distinctive design that wouldn’t take up much space on a desk. He plopped down a phone book and declared, to the horror of the engineers, that it shouldn’t have a footprint larger than that. So his design team of Jerry Manock and Terry Oyama began working on ideas that had the screen above the computer box, with a keyboard that was detachable.

杰夫·拉斯金设想中的麦金塔电脑就像一只四四方方的手提箱，可以将键盘翻起来盖住屏幕从而合上电脑箱。乔布斯接管项目之后，他决定牺牲便携性，改用一个不会占用太多桌面空间的独特设计。他把一本电话簿扔到众人面前，然后宣布，电脑占用的桌面面积不能超过这本电话簿，这让一群工程师吓傻了眼。于是，设计团队的负责人杰里·马诺克和他雇来的天才设计师大山特里（TerryOyama）开始研究一个方案：将屏幕放到机箱的上方，再用上可拆卸的键盘。

One day in March 1981, Andy Hertzfeld came back to the office from dinner to find Jobs hovering over their one Mac prototype in intense discussion with the creative services director, James Ferris. “We need it to have a classic look that won’t go out of style, like the Volkswagen Beetle,” Jobs said. From his father he had developed an appreciation for the contours of classic cars.

1981年3月的一天，安迪·赫茨菲尔德吃完饭回到办公室，发现乔布斯正站在一台麦金塔样机旁，和公司的创意总监詹姆斯·费里斯（JamesFerris）激烈地争论着。“我们要设计出一个经典的外形，不会过时的那种，就像大众的甲壳虫汽车一样。”乔布斯说。受他父亲的影响，他对经典车型的外形轮廓十分赞赏。

“No, that’s not right,” Ferris replied. “The lines should be voluptuous, like a Ferrari.”

“不，不对，”费里斯说，“外形应该很性感诱人，就像法拉利那样。”