乔布斯遗失的访谈

I finally got fed up and just went outside and found David Kelly design,

把我搞烦了，我找到David Kelly设计公司

I asked him to design me a mouse in 90 days and we had a mouse that we can build for 15 bucks and that was phenomenally reliable.

对方90天后设计出了质量稳定的鼠标，成本只要15美元

So I found that, in a way... Apple did not have the caliber of people that was necessary to seize this idea in many ways.

我这才发现苹果没有足够人才来实现这个创意

That was core team did, but there was a larger team that mostly had come from HP that didn’t have a clue.

核心团队有这个能力，但是许多从惠普跳槽来的成员不行

It comes to this issue of professionalism, there’s dark side and light side? Isn’t it?

这涉及到职业分工的问题，每个人特长不同，不是吗？

No, you know what it is... No, it’s not dark and light. People get confused, companies get confused,

不，这不是擅长与否的问题，而是他们犯糊涂，公司也在犯糊涂

when they started getting bigger, they want to replicate their initial success,

公司规模扩大之后，就会变得因循守旧

and a lot of them think well somehow there are some magic in the process, of how success is created...

他们觉得只要遵守流程，就能奇迹般地继续成功

so they started to try to institutionalize process across the company.

于是开始推行严格的流程制度

And before very long, people get very confused that the process is the content…

很快员工就把遵守流程和纪律当作工作本身

that’s ultimately the downfall of IBM.

IBM就是这样走下坡路的

IBM has the best process people in the world, they just forgot about the content.

IBM的员工是世界上最守纪律的，他们恰恰忽略了产品

And that’s so what happened a little bit at apple too,

苹果也有这个问题

we had a lot of people who are great at management process, they just didn’t have a clue at the content,

我们有很多擅长管理流程的人才，但是他们忽略了产品本身

and in my career, I found that the best people you know are the ones who really understand the content,

经验告诉我，优秀的人才是那些一心想着产品的人

and they are pain in the butt to manage,

虽然这些人很难管理

you know but you put up with it because they are so great at the content, and that’s what makes a great product, it’s not process, it’s content.

但是我宁愿和他们一起工作，光靠流程和制度做不出好产品

《乔布斯传》第六章:苹果二代 新时代的曙光43

Jobs’s desire for control and disdain for authority was destined to be a problem with the man who was brought in to be his regent, especially when Jobs discovered that Scott was one of the only people he had yet encountered who would not bend to his will. “The question between Steve and me was who could be most stubborn, and I was pretty good at that,” Scott said. “He needed to be sat on, and he sure didn’t like that.” Jobs later said, “I never yelled at anyone more than I yelled at Scotty.”

乔布斯喜欢控制别人，但不喜欢被控制。这注定会成为他跟斯科特之间的一个问题——因为斯科特就是被派来管束他的——尤其是当乔布斯发现，斯科特是他遇到的少数几个不会屈服于他的意志的人之一时。“史蒂夫跟我之间的问题就是，我们谁更顽固，这可是我的强项。”斯科特说，“他必须受到管制，但他显然不喜欢那样。”正如乔布斯后来所说：“我朝斯科蒂吼的次数是最多的。”

An early showdown came over employee badge numbers. Scott assigned #1 to Wozniak and #2 to Jobs. Not surprisingly, Jobs demanded to be #1. “I wouldn’t let him have it, because that would stoke his ego even more,” said Scott. Jobs threw a tantrum, even cried. Finally, he proposed a solution. He would have badge #0. Scott relented, at least for the purpose of the badge, but the Bank of America required a positive integer for its payroll system and Jobs’s remained #2.

早期的一次争议出现在员工编号的分配问题上。斯科特把“1号”给了沃兹,“2号”给了乔布斯。不出所料，乔布斯要求当“1号”。斯科特说：“我不会让他得逞的，那样只会让他更加自负。”乔布斯大发脾气，甚至痛哭流涕。最终，他提出了一个解决方案。他想要当“0号”。斯科特在员工编号这件事上妥协了，但美国银行的工资系统中要求员工编号必须是正整数，所以乔布斯还是“2号”。

There was a more fundamental disagreement that went beyond personal petulance. Jay Elliot, who was hired by Jobs after a chance meeting in a restaurant, noted Jobs’s salient trait: “His obsession is a passion for the product, a passion for product perfection.” Mike Scott, on the other hand, never let a passion for the perfect take precedence over pragmatism. The design of the Apple II case was one of many examples. The Pantone company, which Apple used to specify colors for its plastic, had more than two thousand shades of beige. “None of them were good enough for Steve,” Scott marveled. “He wanted to create a different shade, and I had to stop him.” When the time came to tweak the design of the case, Jobs spent days agonizing over just how rounded the corners should be. “I didn’t care how rounded they were,” said Scott, “I just wanted it decided.” Another dispute was over engineering benches. Scott wanted a standard gray; Jobs insisted on special-order benches that were pure white. All of this finally led to a showdown in front of Markkula about whether Jobs or Scott had the power to sign purchase orders; Markkula sided with Scott. Jobs also insisted that Apple be different in how it treated customers. He wanted a one-year warranty to come with the Apple II. This flabbergasted Scott; the usual warranty was ninety days. Again Jobs dissolved into tears during one of their arguments over the issue. They walked around the parking lot to calm down, and Scott decided to relent on this one.

除了个人性格外，他们两人之间还有更加实质性的分歧。杰伊·埃利奥特（JayElliot）是一次在餐厅偶遇乔布斯后被苹果公司雇用的，他注意到了乔布斯的显著特点：“他的执著是一种对产品的激情，对于完美产品的激情。”而迈克·斯科特从不会让对完美的追求凌驾于产品的实用性之上。AppleII箱子的设计便是例证之一。苹果曾经在潘通公司（PantoneCompany）的帮助下确定所用塑料的颜色，该公司有超过2000种不同的米黄色。“没有一种能让史蒂夫满意，”斯科特对此感到十分惊讶，“他想要创造一种全新的颜色，我不得不阻止他。”在调整箱子设计的过程中，乔布斯花了好几天时间，苦苦思索边角应该多圆润。“我根本不关心它到底多圆润，”斯科特说，“我只想赶快确定下来。”另一场争论是关于工程师使用的工作台。斯科特想要标准的灰色，而乔布斯坚持要定制纯白色的。这一切最终导致两人在马库拉面前摊牌，争夺采购订单的签署杈。马库拉站在了斯科特这一边。乔布斯还坚持要改变对待顾客的方式。他想让AppleII带有一年保修期。这个想法让斯科特目瞪口呆，因为保修期一般只有90天。在他们对此问题的一次争论中，乔布斯又一次潸然泪下。他们在停车场散步以平复心情，斯科特再次屈服了。

Wozniak began to rankle at Jobs’s style. “Steve was too tough on people. I wanted our company to feel like a family where we all had fun and shared whatever we made.” Jobs, for his part, felt that Wozniak simply would not grow up. “He was very childlike. He did a great version of BASIC, but then never could buckle down and write the floating-point BASIC we needed, so we ended up later having to make a deal with Microsoft. He was just too unfocused.”

沃兹尼亚克开始反感乔布斯的处事风格。“史蒂夫对别人太苛刻了，”他说，“我想让我们公司像一个大家庭一样，大家都能愉快工作，分享自己的劳动成果。”而乔布斯则觉得，沃兹尼亚克就是个长不大的孩子。“他非常幼稚，”乔布斯说，“他开发出了一个很棒的BASIC版本，但之后就是没能认真编写我们需要的浮点BASIC，最后我们不得不和微软做交易。他太不专注了。”

But for the time being the personality clashes were manageable, mainly because the company was doing so well. Ben Rosen, the analyst whose newsletters shaped the opinions of the tech world, became an enthusiastic proselytizer for the Apple II. An independent developer came up with the first spreadsheet and personal finance program for personal computers, VisiCalc, and for a while it was available only on the Apple II, turning the computer into something that businesses and families could justify buying. The company began attracting influential new investors. The pioneering venture capitalist Arthur Rock had initially been unimpressed when Markkula sent Jobs to see him. “He looked as if he had just come back from seeing that guru he had in India,” Rock recalled, “and he kind of smelled that way too.” But after Rock scoped out the Apple II, he made an investment and joined the board.

但性格上的冲突暂时还没有到失控的地步，主要是因为公司的运营状况不错。身为一名分析师，本·罗森（BenRosen）撰写的通讯报道对科技界产生了深远的影响，他也成为了AppleII的热情歌颂者。一名独立开发者编写出了第一款供个人电脑使用的电子制表和个人财务程序VisiCalc，在一段时间内，这款程序只能在AppleII上运行，这使得AppleII成为了企业和家庭有理由购买的一样产品。公司开始吸引有影响力的新投资者。风险投资界的先驱亚瑟·罗克第一次见到马库拉派来的乔布斯时，并未被他打动。“他看起来好像刚从印度见了他的导师回来，”罗克回忆说，“闻起来也是。”但在仔细考察了AppleII之后，罗克投资了，并且加入了苹果的董事会。

The Apple II would be marketed, in various models, for the next sixteen years, with close to six million sold. More than any other machine, it launched the personal computer industry. Wozniak deserves the historic credit for the design of its awe-inspiring circuit board and related operating software, which was one of the era’s great feats of solo invention. But Jobs was the one who integrated Wozniak’s boards into a friendly package, from the power supply to the sleek case. He also created the company that sprang up around Wozniak’s machines. As Regis McKenna later said, “Woz designed a great machine, but it would be sitting in hobby shops today were it not for Steve Jobs.” Nevertheless most people considered the Apple II to be Wozniak’s creation. That would spur Jobs to pursue the next great advance, one that he could call his own.

在接下来的16年中，各种型号的AppleII共售出了接近600万台。相比其他电脑，AppleII真正开创了个人电脑产业。沃兹尼亚克理应得到历史的赞誉，因为是他设计出了AppleII上令人赞叹的电路板和相关的操作软件，这是20世纪最伟大的个人发明之一。但是，是乔布斯把沃兹的电路板整合成了一台完美的机器，加上了电源和漂亮的箱子。也是他创办了这家依靠沃兹的电脑而迅速崛起的公司。正如里吉斯·麦肯纳后来说的：“沃兹设计出了一台伟大的机器，但如果没有史蒂夫·乔布斯的话，这台机器到今天还只能陈列在业余爱好者的商店里。”尽管如此，大多数人还是将AppleII看做是沃兹尼亚克的发明。这激励着乔布斯去追求下一次伟大的革新，属于他自己的革新。